Oral fluid replacement by a glucose glycine electrolyte formulation in E coli and rotavirus diarrhoea in pigs

Rj, Bywater; Woode, G. N.

doi:10.1136/vr.106.4.75

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…A nutrient-dense solution containing a mixture of absorbable nutrients, each employing different absorptive pathways, might be preferable to the current WHO solution but would require intensive testing before adoption. A solution containing a mixture of nutrients has been used in secretory diarrhea, ie, a glucose-glycine mixtUre has been shown to be more effective than a glucose solution in the treatment of cholera (46) and was also shown to be effective in the treatment of rotavirus-induced diarrhea in piglets (47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of rotavirus-induced diarrhea

1984

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The pathogenesis of diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection was studied in miniature swine piglets. The animals were inoculated orally with 2 X 10(7) plaque-forming units of porcine rotavirus (OSU strain). During the height of diarrhea, intestinal function was investigated by in vivo perfusion of a 30-cm segment of proximal jejunum and a 30-cm segment of distal ileum. Absorption of Na+ and water decreased and 3-O-methylglucose transport was markedly reduced, P less than 0.01 compared to control animals. Mucosal lactase and sucrase levels were depressed in both the jejunum and ileum, P less than 0.001. Na+,K+-ATPase activity was significantly depressed only in the ileum, P less than 0.001. These changes were associated with a marked reduction in villous height, suggesting that the diarrhea could be an osmotic diarrhea due to nutrient (carbohydrate) malabsorption. Fresh stool samples were obtained and analyzed immediately for NA+,K+, osmolarity, glucose, and lactose; the osmotic gap was also determined. Stool osmolarity continually increased from 248 +/- 20 mosm/liter prior to inoculation to 348 +/- 20 mosm/liter at 75 +/- 1 hr postinoculation (P less than 0.005); the majority of the fecal osmotic gap could be accounted for by the amount of lactose present in the stools. Stool sodium increased from 34 +/- 6 mM prior to inoculation to a maximum of 65 +/- 4 mM at 53 +/- 1 hr postinoculation, P less than 0.001. There was no significant change in potassium concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of rotavirus-induced diarrhea

1984

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“…Mortality rates are probably dependent upon the virulence of the virus strain, other pathogens present, and the host's phenotype and genotype. Implementation of fluid replacement therapy can greatly reduce or eliminate death rates (Bywater and Woode, 1980;Black et al, 1981;Bywater, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro studies on the use of clay, clay minerals and charcoal to adsorb bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus

Clark¹,

Sarr²,

Grant³

et al. 1998

Veterinary Microbiology

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Rotaviruses are the leading cause and coronaviruses are the major contributors of acute gastroenteritis in the young of various mammalian and avian species. Despite numerous trials and decades of research, vaccines have limited efficacy particularly for calves. As an alternative method of controlling infection, we have investigated broad spectrum antiviral agents that are not discriminatory among various viruses. This report involves testing a variety of adsorbent agents including charcoal, clay, and clay minerals to adsorb rotavirus and coronavirus in vitro. Results revealed that all the adsorbent agents had good to excellent capability of adsorbing rotavirus and excellent capability of adsorbing coronavirus. Percent adsorptions ranged from 78.74% to 99.89% for rotavirus and 99.99% for coronavirus; while sand (negative control) was < 0.01%. A high affinity binding was present as determined by a low percent desorption (0.06-3.09%). However, the adsorbent bound virus complex retained, and may have actually enhanced, infectivity.

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“…And the mechanism for glucose driven Na+-coupled absorption of amino acids remains intact. For this reason, oral rehydration solutions using glucose and salts seem to be of therapeutic value (Bywater and Woode, 1980).…”

Section: Source Of Serum 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, since the virus is fragile it tends to disappear from the farm. There is some evidence that oral rehydration, glucose electrolyte solutions may be of values in malabsorption diarrhea, as well as in secretory diarrhea (Bywater and Woode, 1980).…”

Section: Source Of Serum 19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrhea: The Nemesis of the Artificially Reared, Early Weaned Piglet and a Strategy for Defense

Lecce

1986

Journal of Animal Science

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Rearing early weaned piglets artificially for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the sow is an attractive management concept. However, high death losses resulting from diarrhea in artificially reared piglets have dampered enthusiasm for early weaning. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and rotavirus are the three main enteropathogens responsible for causing the diarrhea. The enteropathogens infect the small intestine, which produces a secretory or malabsorptive diarrhea. In nature, the nursing piglet is protected from the enteropathogens by antibody bathing his gut. The source of the antibody is the dam's colostrum and milk. It should be possible to protect artificially reared, early weaned piglets from enteropathogens by feeding them diets that contain antibodies to putative enteropathogens.

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Oral fluid replacement by a glucose glycine electrolyte formulation in E coli and rotavirus diarrhoea in pigs

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Pathogenesis of rotavirus-induced diarrhea

Pathogenesis of rotavirus-induced diarrhea

In vitro studies on the use of clay, clay minerals and charcoal to adsorb bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus

Diarrhea: The Nemesis of the Artificially Reared, Early Weaned Piglet and a Strategy for Defense

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