Oral Frailty as a Risk Factor for Physical Frailty and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Elderly

Tanaka, Tomoki; Takahashi, K; Hirano, Hirohiko; Kikutani, Takeshi; Watanabe, Yutaka; Ohara, Yuki; Furuya, Hiroyasu; Tsuji, Taishi; Akishita, Masahiro; Iijima, Katsuya

doi:10.1093/gerona/glx225

Cited by 504 publications

(674 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…23 Of the 16 dental and intraoral indices, these six indices were determined to be risk factors of physical frailty. The term is intended to raise awareness of the need to maintain oral health.…”

Section: Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, they defined "oral frailty" as the presence of at least three of the following, and "pre-oral frailty" as the presence of one or two of the following: (i) <20 (natural) teeth; (ii) decline in chewing ability; (iii) decline in oral diadochokinesis (rate of rapid syllable repetition); (iv) decline in tongue pressure; (v) subjective difficulty in swallowing ("cannot eat hard food"); and (vi) subjective difficulty in drinking. 23 Of the 16 dental and intraoral indices, these six indices were determined to be risk factors of physical frailty. Under these criteria, 16% of the study's participants were "orally frail" and 50% were "pre-orally frail" at baseline.…”

Section: Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chapter 2 Frailty concepts

Arai

Kozaki

Kuzuya

et al. 2020

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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CQ6: How is cognitive frailty defined and diagnosed?CQ7: How prevalent is cognitive frailty? Statement • Cognitive frailty was operationally defined as: (i) presence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment (Clinical Dementia Rating of 0.5); and (ii) exclusion of concurrent Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementias. • Although there are no generally established diagnostic criteria, the literature suggests that the prevalence ranges from 1% to 5%.

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Section: Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explanationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 2 Frailty concepts

Arai

Kozaki

Kuzuya

et al. 2020

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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“…Recent epidemiological studies suggest that decreased masticatory ability in the elderly is a risk factor for frailty 1 During normal food intake, food is pulverised, sheared, and mixed with saliva and gradually transported towards the pharynx as a bolus to be swallowed. 3,4 In the oral processing of food, the state of food comminution in a limited number/times of masticatory cycles or by the duration of mastication constitutes masticatory efficiency.…”

Section: Backg Rou N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent epidemiological studies suggest that decreased masticatory ability in the elderly is a risk factor for frailty and death . Most of these studies used subjective and qualitative measures to evaluate masticatory function on account of the limitations of time and the setting for assessing a large number of individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of a visual scoring method using gummy jelly for evaluating chewing efficiency in a large‐scale epidemiological survey

Igarashi

Watanabe

Kugimiya

et al. 2019

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Summary Background Several methods exist for objectively evaluating chewing efficiency by using gummy jelly. However, the validity of the subjective visual evaluation of chewing efficiency has not been assessed. Objective To verify with an epidemiological study, the validity of a visual scoring method using gummy jelly by testing the relationship between masticatory performance (MP) using a fully automatic measuring system and visual score (VS) using a visual scoring method. Methods Community‐dwelling elderly individuals (n = 1234) ≥70 years old participated. One evaluator measured VS consecutively after participants chewed the gummy jelly (ie, actual‐VS). The chewed jelly was photographed. Two evaluators used the photograph to measure the gummy jelly (ie, photo‐VS). To test the validity of both methods, the correlation between actual‐VS and MP and between photo‐VS and MP were analysed. Inter‐rater reliability between the evaluators of photo‐VS was analysed. Results Significant correlations existed between actual‐VS and MP and between photo‐VS and MP (r = 0.86‐0.87; P < 0.001). The intra‐class correlation coefficient of the inter‐rater reliability for photo‐VS was very high (0.93; P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval: 0.877‐0.953); however, the distribution of photo‐VS deviated slightly from the actual‐VS. A large coefficient of variation in the MP for low VSs suggested the influence of incomplete comminution, which was not reflected by the VS, and the accidental swallowing of small pieces during chewing. Conclusion The VS deviated slightly from the MP calculated using a fully automated method; however, the VS can be utilised for epidemiological surveys with numerous participants.

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“…Oral health is important for maintaining general health among the elderly . Indeed, a poor oral health status strongly predicted the onset of adverse health outcomes, including mortality, among the community‐dwelling elderly .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a novel composite sensor for evaluating lip function

Sugano

Ofusa

Sugito

et al. 2019

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Objective To test a novel sensor for assessing lip function. Methods The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the upper orbicularis oris muscle (OOM), lip‐closing pressure (LP) and intraoral baro‐pressure (IP) were simultaneously recorded in 20 healthy subjects (10 women and 10 men) by using a novel composite sensor (CS). Subjects performed the lip‐closure, blow and suck tasks. EMG activity of the upper and lower OOMs was recorded using conventional surface electrodes to evaluate the accuracy of CS electrodes. The subjects also rated the user‐friendliness of the CS. Results Integrated EMG signals recorded using the CS and conventional electrodes from the upper OOM were highly correlated (r = 0.77 ± 0.12 in women and r = 0.81 ± 0.10 in men). The signal‐to‐noise ratio was higher with the CS than with the conventional electrodes. The mean LP during maximum lip closure, blowing and sucking ranged between 2 and 6 kPa in women and between 5 and 7 kPa in men. The corresponding IPs in women were 0.0 ± 0.5, 3.2 ± 1.4 and −4.4 ± 2.6 kPa, respectively, and in men were −0.5 ± 1.4, 4.9 ± 1.8 and −5.6 ± 2.8 kPa, respectively. All subjects rated the recording technique as excellent or good. Conclusion The CS was highly user‐friendly and accurate in recording the EMG activity of the OOM and could simultaneously measure the LP and IP. Therefore, it could be an effective tool for evaluating lip function.

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Oral Frailty as a Risk Factor for Physical Frailty and Mortality in Community-Dwelling Elderly

Abstract: Accumulated poor oral status strongly predicted the onset of adverse health outcomes, including mortality among the community-dwelling elderly. Prevention of oral frailty at an earlier stage is essential for healthy aging.

Cited by 504 publications

References 29 publications

Chapter 2 Frailty concepts

Chapter 2 Frailty concepts

Validity of a visual scoring method using gummy jelly for evaluating chewing efficiency in a large‐scale epidemiological survey

Development of a novel composite sensor for evaluating lip function

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