Oral Glutamine Enhances Heat Shock Protein Expression and Improves Survival Following Hyperthermia

Singleton, Kristen D.; Wischmeyer, Paul E.

doi:10.1097/01.shk.0000196548.10634.02

Cited by 115 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Numerous authors have reported that environmental stressors affect intestinal barrier integrity, which is composed of enterocytes, tight junctions, secreted mucous and immune cells, such as macrophages (Lambert et al, 2002;Prosser et al, 2004;Singleton & Wischmeyer, 2006;Chappell et al, 2009;Lambert, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

et al. 2014

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Overcrowding stress is a reality in the poultry industry. Chickens exposed to long-term stressful situations present a reduction of welfare and immunosuppression. We designed this experiment to analyse the effects from overcrowding stress of 16 birds/m 2 on performance parameters, serum corticosterone levels, the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius, plasma IgA and IgG levels, intestinal integrity, macrophage activity and experimental Salmonella Enteritidis invasion. The results of this study indicate that overcrowding stress decreased performance parameters, induced enteritis and decreased macrophage activity and the relative bursa weight in broiler chickens. When the chickens were similarly stressed and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, there was an increase in feed conversion and a decrease in plasma IgG levels in the stressed and Salmonella-infected birds. We observed moderate enteritis throughout the duodenum of chickens stressed and infected with Salmonella. The overcrowding stress decreased the macrophage phagocytosis intensity and increased Salmonella Enteritidis counts in the livers of birds challenged with the pathogenic bacterium. Overcrowding stress via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that is associated with an increase in corticosterone and enteritis might influence the quality of the intestinal immune barrier and the integrity of the small intestine. This effect allowed pathogenic bacteria to migrate through the intestinal mucosa, resulting in inflammatory infiltration and decreased nutrient absorption. The data strengthen the hypothesis that control of the welfare of chickens and avoidance of stress from overcrowding in poultry production are relevant factors for the maintenance of intestinal integrity, performance and decreased susceptibility to Salmonella infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

et al. 2014

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“…The modified fat component is formulated to be similar to typical North American dietary patterns in humans (40% of calories, polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio of 0.35; Savarese et al (10) reviewed the possible prevention of chemotherapy toxicity by glutamine. Because several recent studies have shown that glutamine bolus treatment rescued rats from lethal endotoxin shock or hyperthermic stress (22,23), we opted for the bolus dose used in those investigations (0.75 g/kg/d). Other experimental treatments were incorporated in the diet (Table 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Modulation of Antitumor Efficacy and Diarrhea Toxicity Related to Irinotecan Chemotherapy in Rats Bearing the Ward Colon Tumor

Xue¹,

Sawyer²,

Field

et al. 2007

Clinical Cancer Research

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Purpose: To evaluate and compare the influence of dietary elements on cancer progression, chemotherapy efficacy, and toxicity, particularly severe, late-onset diarrhea related to irinotecan (CPT-11) treatment. Experimental Design: We used laboratory rats fed a standardized basal diet,Ward colon tumor, and CPT-11therapy for the study of CPT-11^induced diarrhea. Dietary interventions were selected from nutrients already established to modify other forms of colitis and which have been hypothesized to mitigate chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal injury (glutamine, n-3 fatty acids, prebiotic oligosaccharides). Animals adapted to test diets were treated with CPT-11at the maximum tolerated dose (125 mg/kg Â 3 days) and diarrhea was followed continuously for 1week.Results: The inclusion of n-3 fatty acids in the diet (5%, w/w of total fat) suppressed tumor growth and enhanced CPT-11's efficacy; this treatment did not affect the incidence or severity of diarrhea. By contrast, oral glutamine bolus (0.75 g/kg) administered prior to each CPT-11 treatment reduced the incidence of severe diarrhea (34.1 F 4.7% versus 53.8 F 4.2%, P < 0.005) and decreased the area under the curve of diarrhea score (16.5 F 1.0 versus 18.8 F 0.5, P < 0.05).Identical results were obtained with i.v. bolus glutamine administration. Glutamine treatment did not alter CPT-11's antitumor efficacy. The addition of prebiotic oligosaccharides to the diet (8%, w/w of diet) did not mitigate the severity of diarrhea, and it raised the activity of h-glucuronidase in cecal contents, a key bacterial enzyme mediating CPT-11^related intestinal toxicity. Conclusion: Our experiments suggest that glutamine and n-3 fatty acids might be potentially useful adjuncts to CPT-11treatment.

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“…Thus, therapeutic strategies that maintain intestinal TJ barrier function during HS are being actively pursued as an important therapeutic option in heat stroke. 24,25,28 Previous studies from our laboratory indicated that a physiologically relevant increase in temperature (39°C or 41°C) causes an increase in occludin protein expression and an increase in junctional localization. 29,30 The increase in junctional localization of occludin has been postulated to be an important protective mechanism against HS-induced disruption of TJ barrier in intestinal epithelial monolayers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Heat Stress-Induced Up-Regulation of Occludin Protein Expression

Dokładny

Kennedy

et al. 2008

The American Journal of Pathology

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The heat stress (HS)-induced increase in occludin protein expression has been postulated to be a protective response against HS-induced disruption of the intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier. The aim of this study was to elucidate the cellular and molecular processes that mediate the HS-induced up-regulation of occludin expression in Caco-2 cells. Exposure to HS (39°C or 41°C) resulted in increased expression of occludin protein; this was preceded by an increase in occludin mRNA transcription and promoter activity. HS-induced activation of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) resulted in cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of HSF-1 and binding to its binding motif in the occludin promoter region. HSF-1 activation was associated with an increase in occludin promoter activity, mRNA transcription, and protein expression; which were abolished by the HSF-1 inhibitor quercetin. Targeted The intestinal epithelial barrier consists of apical plasma membrane of the enterocytes that acts as a transcellular barrier and intercellular tight junctions (TJs) that act as a paracellular barrier against intercellular penetration of toxic luminal substances, including bacterial endotoxins, bacterial by-products, digestive enzymes, and food-degradation products.1-6 The TJ complex consists of cytoplasmic and transmembrane proteins. The transmembrane proteins, which include occludin, claudin family of proteins, and junctional adhesion molecules, extend from cytoplasmic compartment across the plasma membrane into extracellular compartment to participate in the formation of an extracellular TJ seal.7-10 The critical role of transmembrane proteins in the formation and maintenance of the TJ barrier is well established; however, the precise protein structure and components and molecular determinants of TJ barrier remain unclear. 11Occludin is an integral transmembrane TJ protein that has been shown to play a crucial role in TJ barrier function and TJ signaling process. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of occludin protein in MDCK cells leads to an enhancement of TJ barrier function. 12Conversely, siRNA knock-down of occludin leads to an increase in TJ permeability to selected paracellular markers. 13 Molecular studies have shown that COOH-terminal end of occludin plays a crucial role in the maintenance of paracellular barrier function.14 Additionally, biochemical alteration of occludin phosphorylation has been shown to be an important determinant of TJ localization of occludin protein and enhancement of TJ barrier function.

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Oral Glutamine Enhances Heat Shock Protein Expression and Improves Survival Following Hyperthermia

Cited by 115 publications

References 31 publications

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

Overcrowding stress decreases macrophage activity and increasesSalmonellaEnteritidis invasion in broiler chickens

Nutritional Modulation of Antitumor Efficacy and Diarrhea Toxicity Related to Irinotecan Chemotherapy in Rats Bearing the Ward Colon Tumor

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Heat Stress-Induced Up-Regulation of Occludin Protein Expression

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