Oral health in adults with coronary artery disease and its risk factors: a comparative study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data

Abstract

Background This study aimed to examine the relationship between oral health status and hygiene behavior among adults and elderly with preceding chronic disease or coronary artery disease history. Methods Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey conducted from 2016 to 2017. Cardiovascular risk group was defined as adults over the age of 30 with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, previous myocardial infarction, or angina. Adult and elderly groups were separated and analyzed by 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), and complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS and R programs. Results In adults, 25.1% of healthy group and 41.9% of the risk group were diagnosed with periodontal disease by dentist. In the elderly, 40.0% of the risk group had chewing problems and 17.5% had speaking problems. After PSM, in adults (n = 1661 each), both univariate and multiple logistic regression analyzes showed that the prevalence of periodontal disease was significantly higher in the risk group than in the healthy group (Odds Ratio = 1.21, p = .028). In the elderly (n = 715 each), univariate analysis showed that the risk group had more chewing and speaking problems than the healthy group, but there was no difference in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Adults under the age of 65 years with cardiovascular risk require periodic evaluation and education on the importance of maintaining oral health for primary or secondary prevention. Healthcare professionals should provide patient education to help them maintain adequate oral health and oral hygiene.

A Comparative Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Individuals Exhibiting Oral Cavity Disorders versus those in a State of Oral Health

“…The most probable reason could be invasion of oral pathogenic bacteria in the gut through bacteremia or transfer of pathogenic microbes from placenta to fetus through bacteremia. In a related study, the association between oral health status and hygiene practices among adults and elderly with a history of coronary artery disease was investigated [28]. In adults, periodontal diseases were identified in 25.1% of healthy group and 41.9% of the cardiovascular risk group [28].…”

“…In a related study, the association between oral health status and hygiene practices among adults and elderly with a history of coronary artery disease was investigated [28]. In adults, periodontal diseases were identified in 25.1% of healthy group and 41.9% of the cardiovascular risk group [28]. An elderly population at cardiovascular risk reported chewing and speaking issues to the tune of 40.0 and 17.5 percent, respectively [28].…”

“…In adults, periodontal diseases were identified in 25.1% of healthy group and 41.9% of the cardiovascular risk group [28]. An elderly population at cardiovascular risk reported chewing and speaking issues to the tune of 40.0 and 17.5 percent, respectively [28]. In comparison to the healthy group, the risk group had a significantly greater prevalence of periodontal problems [28].…”

Prevalence and Quality of Endodontic Treatment in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Risk Factors

“…The reason for this could be long-standing chronic periodontal infections. These infections can trigger local or systemic inflammatory conditions, due to bacterial products and their endotoxins (LPS) when released into the bloodstream, stimulating the production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and subsequently leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis, especially in elderly patients above 65 years of age with an increased risk of cardiac disease [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Therefore, healthcare professionals should suggest CVR and CVD patients have periodic dental check-ups and educate them on maintaining adequate oral health and hygiene [ 46 ].…”

Breastfeeding Duration Is Associated with the Risk of Tooth Loss, Chewing Difficulty, and Undernutrition among Older Korean Women: Results of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013–2015

“…The tooth was considered to be present if its status was categorized as 0, 1, 3, 6, or 7. Otherwise, the tooth was considered to be absent [33]. The estimated number of teeth, excluding the third molars, could range from 0 to 28 and was categorized into four groups: 0-9, 10-20, 21-26, and ≥27 [34][35][36].…”