Oral health of 6–7 year-old children according to the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index

Abstract

BackgroundThe index of Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) reveals a range of caries development from a non-cavitated status to advanced lesions. The aim of the present study was to explore the oral health status of 6- to 7-year-old children based on the CAST index in relation to oral health knowledge and background determinants.MethodsA multi-stage cluster random sampling method was applied and after ethical clearance, clinical examination was performed (Kappa = 0.89). The status of caries and oral hygiene was recorded according to the CAST index and OHI-Simplified (OHI-S) index, respectively. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data of parental knowledge of oral health. SPSS version 22.0 was used for data analysis and p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsSeven hundred and thirty-nine children and their parents in 24 schools participated in this study (88%), of whom 48.6% were boys and the rest were girls. In permanent molars, a healthy status (code 0–2) was observed in 89.3–93.7% of the teeth. In primary molar teeth, dentinal lesions ranged from 25.3 to 31.2%, the prevalence of pulp involvement was between 2.9 and 10.5%, and less than 1% had abscess/fistula. Serious morbidity (codes 6 and 7) were more common in the first primary molars than the second ones. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis indicated that children with a low level of father’s education were 2.45 times more likely to have a CAST score of 3 and higher (95% CI 1.35–4.46, p = 0.003) compared to children whose fathers had academic education. For each one-unit increment of OHI_S, the likelihood of a CAST score 3 and higher in primary dentition increased by 1.77 times (OR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.08–2.93, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe consequences of dental caries including abscess and fistula were more prevalent in the first and second primary teeth. There was a significant correlation between a CAST score of 3 and higher with father’s education (as an indicator of social rank) and oral hygiene status. The CAST index is a useful and practical index in epidemiological surveys.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-018-0709-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Effectiveness of combined education to promote self efficacy and self-care oral health behaviors among students: A randomized controlled trial

“…Despite major advances in oral and dental health in many countries, oral and dental health problems are still a global challenge with a larger magnitude in populations with a weak socioeconomic status (1).…”

“…Based on the Iranian nation survey in 2015, the dmft index of the children aged 6 was 5.84 in a national level of Iran (1). In addition, DMFT was identifed (5.4 ± 2.83) in Arak (2).…”

Factors Predicting the Oral Health Behaviors of the Iranian Students in the District 1 Tehran, Iran

“…Distribution and severity of oral conditions vary in different components of the world and this is also real for specific geographic conditions within the equal country or area 3 . According to a countrywide oral health survey performed in 2012, indicated a high level of carries inside the primary dentition and the mean DMFT index become pronounced with 5.16/0.38 in 6-year-old children 4 .…”

Effect combined learning on oral health self-efficacy and self-care behaviors of students: a randomized controlled trial

“…level (1) DMFT was also determined (5.4 ± 2.83) in Arak city (2)the DMFT index of children aged 12 years was 2.09 in a national level (3). This is while the WHO emphasized that the DMFT index of 12year-old children should be less than 1 and 90% of the 6-year-old children should have completely healthy teeth by 2010 (3).…”

“…It is the belief in her or his ability to do and succeed in a particular task. Efficacy , In turn, it has four sources: mastery experiences, observing learning, verbal persuasion, and Physiological and emotional states during behavioral opportunities .Thus, in the theory of selfefficacy, there are both sources of self-efficacy and mechanisms through it It has been shown to affect behavior and can be used for behavioral design (12) Studies have shown that Motivating Factors are not merely enough for behavior change and it has been suggested to use self-regulating strategies like Planning as a complement for educational programs (1). In self-care programs, the person is supposed to know his/her own unfavorable condition, set objectives and make plans to reach the favorable condition, become committed to execute the plan, be aware of the consequences of executing the self-care program, and learn the required skills for behavior change.…”