Oral Health Status and Oromucosal Lesions in Patients Living with HIV/AIDS in India: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Oral health status of HIV positive individuals is in poor condition which may be a sequela of variety of factors. This study was aimed at assessing and comparing the oral health status and oromucosal lesions between HIV positive and negative individuals in India. A total of 126 HIV positive and 532 HIV negative individuals were recruited for the study. Oral health status and oromucosal lesions were recorded using WHO oral health assessment form (1997). Data was analyzed using chi-square and independent sample student's t test. Majority (85.7%) of people suffering from HIV belonged to lower socioeconomic status. The mean for DMFT score was found to be significantly higher in HIV positive individuals (12.83 ± 9.6) as compared to HIV negative individuals (8.34 ± 7.6) (P value < 0.0001). Nearly 75% of HIV positive individuals showed oromucosal lesions with candidiasis (36%) being the most common. Nearly 50% of HIV positive individuals had community periodontal index (CPI) and loss of attachment (LOA) score >2. In conclusion HIV positive individuals have poor oral health status and poor periodontal status compared to control group. Effective policies need to be drafted to take care of the oral health of this high risk group.

Oral health management of 97 patients living with HIV/AIDS in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

“…Male predominance was demonstrated by previous studies conducted in Brazil and also in other countries, such as Mexico, India, and Nigeria. 11,12,13,14 The mean age of our patients was 38.3 ± 10.46. This finding is also consistent with several studies that reported a high number of patients with a mean age between the third and fourth decades of life.…”

“…This finding is also consistent with several studies that reported a high number of patients with a mean age between the third and fourth decades of life. 11,12,13,14,15 The male Oral and maxillofacial prosthodontics 1 (1) *In some cases, more than one dental specialty was required.…”

“…Our data are consistent with previous studies that demonstrate candidiasis is the most common HIV-OL. 11,14 Two interesting Nigerian studies 15,17 observed pseudomembranous candidiasis as the most frequent HIV-OL, followed by cheilitis and erythematous candidiasis. In a previous study, pseudomembranous candidiasis was detected in 10.8% of participants, angular cheilitis in 13.9%, oral hairy leukoplakia in 11.8%, and erythematous candidiasis in 6.9%.…”

Global oral inequalities inHIVinfection

“…It is clear that access to ART is related to poverty (Soares et al, 2014). In a recent study in India, Kumar et al (2014) found more mucosal lesions in patients of low socio-economic status than high but also that caries and periodontal disease was greater. Similarly in Brazil, poor oral health (including mucosal lesions) of the people living with AIDS was mainly influenced by socio-demographic factors and use and satisfaction with health services (Soares et al, 2014).…”

“…It is known that the prevalence of the different types of oral lesions may vary globally and are different in children (Ramos‐Gomez et al , ). For instance in India in 2010, 60% were found to have oral lesions, 32% oral candidiasis, (Ranganathan et al , ) and in another study from India 75% of HIV‐positive individuals showed oral mucosal lesions with candidiasis (36%) being the most common (Kumar et al , ), whereas in Dar as Salem in 2012, 30% of participants had an oral lesion and less than 8% for oral candidiasis (Hamza et al , ). Parotid enlargement is rarely seen in adults but in children the prevalence of parotid enlargement was reported recently as 23% (Sales‐Peres et al , ; Obileye et al , ).…”