Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Psychiatric Outpatients Aged 18-64 Years in District Civil Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Psychiatric patients or mentally ill patients conform a substantial section of the community deserving special attention. This study aimed to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of psychiatric patients attending District Civil Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 150 outpatients aged 18–64 years, attending the Department of Psychiatry, District Civil Hospital, Raichur. A specific questionnaire was drawn up and was used to record the demographic and medical data and oral hygiene practices. Type III clinical examination was carried out. The WHO Assessment Form 1997 was used to assess the oral health status of the study population. Results: Of the 150 patients examined, 90 (60%) were male and 60 (40%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 33.79 ± 10.57 years. The majority (52%) were diagnosed with epilepsy and 18% had anxiety disorder. The prevalence of caries was 87.3%. Periodontal status, according to the Community Periodontal Index scores, was as follows: 54% of the patients had shallow pocket (4 mm–5 mm) and 32% of the patients had 6-mm or more deep pocket. Conclusion: This study highlights a substantial need for prevention and treatment of oral health needs among psychiatric patients, and to increase awareness toward oral health.

Special Care Patients and Caries Prevalence in Permanent Dentition: A Systematic Review

“…Among the group of patients with special needs, the highest number were those with intellectual disabilities, being studied 8 times [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], followed by human immunodeficiency virus infection (3 times) [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], and schizophrenia [ 24 , 25 , 26 ] and down syndrome [ 1 , 13 ] (2 times each). Finally, other groups of patients with special needs were only studied once: drug addicts [ 27 ], adult heart transplant [ 28 ], kidney disease [ 29 ], diabetic [ 30 ], autism [ 31 ], psychiatric patients [ 32 ], cerebral palsy, and hemophilia [ 26 ] ( Table 2 ).…”

“…The highest decayed scores were observed in intellectual disability patients [ 16 , 17 ] (7.55 and 5.52) and HIV patients [ 17 ] (6.86 and 5.36). The highest prevalence of caries was observed in patients with intellectual disability [ 19 , 20 ] (89.4% and 95.5%), followed by psychiatric patients [ 32 ] (87.3%), and schizophrenia [ 25 ] (82.2%).…”

“…The last study of the prevalence of caries in the general population is from the World Health Organization from the year 2000. The prevalence of caries in permanent teeth is between 25% and 50% [ 44 ], being below the data obtained in some of the studies: patients with HIV with a prevalence of 65.9% [ 23 ], intellectual disability with a prevalence of 89.4% and 95.5% [ 19 , 20 ], psychiatric patients [ 32 ] with 87.3%, schizophrenia [ 25 ] with 82.2% and, finally, adults with a heart transplant [ 28 ] with 80.2%. However, in this study, the control group had a prevalence of 79.4%, which was higher than in the other studies.…”

Assessment of Xerostomia in Outpatients of the Lisbon Psychiatric Hospital Centre (CHPL)

“…The SXI-PL score was higher in patients with normal saliva flow conditions among our population. Patients with mental disorders often have behavioural pattern impairment and an inability to distinguish symptoms of a concurrent physical illness and do not often consider their oral status [5,6]. Thomson et al's (2000) and Hopcraft et al's (2010) presented evidence for oral reactions being drug-induced is variable; both studies demonstrated that hospitalized patients who endured dry mouth symptoms more likely had been exposed to more than two kinds of drugs (cardiovascular, psychiatric and allergy drugs) than those who did not complain of dry mouth.…”

An Overview of Systemic Health Factors Related to Rapid Oral Health Deterioration among Older People

“…Secondly, some chronic diseases may indirectly affect oral health, as they can lead to reduced motivation regarding oral hygiene and care. For example, psychiatric [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ] and neurological diseases [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], as well as Alzheimer’s disease [ 54 , 55 ], rheumatic [ 56 ], oncological [ 57 ], and cardiovascular diseases [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ], can all have an impact.…”