Oral Health Status in Alzheimer\'s Disease Patients: A Descriptive Study in an Italian Population

D’Alessandro, Giovanni; Costi, Tommaso; Alkhamis, Nadia; Bagattoni, Simone; Sadotti, Agnese; Piana, Gabriela

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2288

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We could not extrapolate secular trends in health, because all the measurements for a subject were obtained in a single time. An opposite hypothesis is whether persons with impaired cognition were not prone to maintain the adequate oral hygiene and oral health (D'Alessandro et al, ). Moreover, residual confounders could not be fully excluded in an observational study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment: Analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) III

Sung

Huang

Cheng

et al. 2019

J Clinic Periodontology

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Objectives Periodontitis has been hypothesized as being one of the most common potential risk factors for the development of dementia and cognitive impairment. In order to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and cognition impairment, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database was analysed after adjusting for potential confounding factors, including age and other systemic co‐morbidities. Materials and Methods In total, 4,663 participants aged 20–59 years who had received full‐mouth periodontal examination and undergone the cognitive functional test were enrolled. The grade of periodontal disease was categorized into severe, moderate, and mild. Cognitive function examinations, including the simple reaction time test (SRTT), symbol digit substitution test (SDST), and serial digit learning test (SDLT), were adopted for the evaluation of cognitive impairment. Results The subjects with mild and moderate to severe periodontitis had higher SDLT and SDST scores, which indicated decreased cognitive function, compared with the healthy group. After adjusting for demographic factors, education, smoking, cardiovascular diseases, and laboratory data, periodontitis was significantly correlated with elevated SDST and SDLT scores (p values for trend = 0.014 and 0.038, respectively) by generalized linear regression models. Conclusion Our study highlighted that periodontal status was associated with cognitive impairment in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment: Analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) III

Sung

Huang

Cheng

et al. 2019

J Clinic Periodontology

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“…Alessandro et al . [ 17 ] reported statistically higher values of decayed teeth ( P = 0.005) and tooth loss with less filling in AD patients as compared to controls. A recent large cohort study[ 18 ] conducted over a 10-year period has shown a significant relationship between dementia incidence and number of missing teeth; odds ratios were higher in women than men ( P < 0.001), urban than rural ( P < 0.001), and most higher for age group ≥80 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.38, confidence interval [CI]: 2.216–2.553, P < 0.001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reported statistically higher values of periodontal disease measured by chronic periodontal inflammation (CPI) ( P < 0.001) and GI ( P < 0.001) in AD patients as compared to controls. [ 17 ] Gao et al . [ 13 ] have shown 64% of dementia patients with periodontal pockets, 98% had gingival bleeding, however, the difference in periodontal parameters of gingival bleeding, periodontal pocket, and loss of attachment was nonsignificant between dementia and nondementia patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral health of individuals with dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A review

Hamza

Asif

Bokhari

2021

J Indian Soc Periodontol

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This paper explores the epidemiological evidence about oral health of individuals with neurodegenerative conditions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify the relevant research papers published during January 2012 to June 2020. All cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort studies reporting oral and dental morbid conditions for status and association with AD and dementia were explored. The explored literature from 22 studies shows that oral health parameters of oral health and levels of oral inflammatory markers were deranged and exaggerated in patients suffering from AD and dementia. Many studies have observed poor oral hygiene as result of lack or irregularity in toothbrushing. Regarding decayed, missing, and filled teeth status in AD/dementia populations, no significant difference is reported. Periodontal diseases have been noted at raised levels in AD and dementia patients and shown progression with aggravation in neurological disorders. Both edentulousness and low chewing efficacies are associated with low cognition. Stomatitis and coated tongue and other oral pathologies are significantly higher in AD patients. AD patients have demonstrated higher bacterial load and inflammation levels than controls, and consequently, inflammatory biomarker levels are also raised. AD patients have reduced salivary secretions and with low buffering capacity. Evidence from the current literature update postulates that individuals suffering from AD and dementia have special oral health-care needs. Appropriate oral health management may thus significantly improve their oral health-related and general quality of life.

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“…The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to highlight the possible association between dental loss and Alzheimer’s disease in order to elaborate on the multifactorial background of this disease and patients’ general health status [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies

et al. 2019

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Alzheimer’s disease is classified as a neurodegenerative condition, a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by the slow and progressive loss of one or more functions of the nervous system. Its incidence tends to increase gradually from 65 years of age, up to a prevalence of 4% at age 75. The loss of dental elements is more prevalent in this population and might negatively affect the masticatory capacity, quality of life, and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. This study investigated problems related to oral health and the loss of dental elements in elderly patients suffering from Alzheimer’s and considered whether local inflammatory processes could affect the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify a link between the causes leading to tooth loss and the onset/progression of Alzheimer’s disease. We also studied whether there is a higher incidence of tooth loss (primary outcome) and edentulism (secondary outcome) among Alzheimer’s patients. We searched records in electronic databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science using the following keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease AND periodontal, Alzheimer’s Disease AND periodontitis, dementia AND (periodontitis OR periodontal) “Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss,” “dementia” AND “edentulous,” “Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “edentulous,” “dementia” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss.” The records were screened, and after applying the eligibility and inclusion criteria, nine articles were left, six of which were analyzed for the primary outcome (loss of dental elements) and six for the secondary outcome (tooth loss). Results from this meta-analysis revealed that Alzheimer’s disease patients have an increased risk of dental loss (hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.30, p = 0.05) and edentulous condition (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.70–3.01, p < 0.001). A quantitative analysis of the included studies indicated that patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease are characterized by a greater number of lost dental elements and general edentulism compared to the control groups.

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Oral Health Status in Alzheimer\'s Disease Patients: A Descriptive Study in an Italian Population

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment: Analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) III

Association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment: Analysis of national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) III

Oral health of individuals with dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A review

The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies

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