Oral Health: The Need for Both Conventional Microbial and Molecular Characterization

Friedman, Elisheva; Alizadeh, Negin; Loewy, Zvi G.

doi:10.3390/ht6030002

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Finally, a new technique, sequencing the entire DNA present in a sample, whole-genome shotgun metagenome sequencing, could be performed to study the microbiome (11). Conventional microbiology (culture-based), although deemed less advanced, complement culture independent methodologies (sequencing) by providing information on the microbes physiological and metabolic properties, deepening our understanding of microbiota and microbiomes (15,16).…”

Section: Study Methods and The Human Microbiome Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oral Microbiota: A Literature Review for Updating Professionals in Dentistry. Part I

Solís

Amador

2019

Odovtos - Int J Dent Sc

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In recent decades, a body of literature examining the relationships between oral health and general health has rapidly developed. However, the biological mechanisms involved in explaining such relationships have not been fully described. Recent evidence has suggested that these relationships could be partially explained by the composition and interaction of the microbiome/microbiota between local and systemic body sites. For instance, it has been suggested that intestinal microbiota could have effects on non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study is to explore current evidence of the link between oral and systemic diseases, to discuss whether oral microbiome/microbiota could represent an unexplored biological pathway partially explaining those relationships. A non-systematic review of the literature was carried out using keyword searches in Pubmed from February to May 2019. The ultimate goal was to present recent scientific evidence to update the general knowledge on this topic to professionals in dentistry. This review is divided in two parts for journal publication; however, it is intended to be used as one piece. In this first part, we will summarize the conceptual background of oral microbiome/microbiota, we will describe the main methods used in microbiology to characterize oral organisms, and will present the main composition of bacteria in oral microbiome/microbiota. The second part highlights the main evidence regarding the biological plausibility that links oral microbiome and systemic diseases and we will conclude with some future research recommendations. Taking into account the role of oral microbiota in the development of systemic diseases could change the main paradigm of how oral health is currently conceptualized by dental professionals.

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Section: Study Methods and The Human Microbiome Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Oral Microbiota: A Literature Review for Updating Professionals in Dentistry. Part I

Solís

Amador

2019

Odovtos - Int J Dent Sc

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“…Вместе с тем в период и после протезирования при использовании несъемной конструкции возрастает риск появления очагов воспалительного очага вокруг протезов. Это, в первую очередь, связано с ухудшением процессов самоочищения и гигиенического состояния и, как результат, с интенсивным скоплением зубного налета, содержащего большое количество микроорганизмов, а также со снижением резистентности органов и тканей полости рта [4,8,11].…”

Section: актуальность исследованийunclassified

Сlinical and microbiological assessment of the effectiveness of preventive measures recommended for patients with prosthetic

Huseynova¹

2019

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“…Chronic oral stomatitis, associated with candidal infections, is common among immuno‐compromised patients, including those on long‐term immunosuppressant therapy and those with HIV infection, and can lead to oropharyngeal candidiasis. Although Candida albicans may be a component of the normal oral microbiome, without clinical evidence of infection in 30 to 50% of the population, candidal overgrowth affects approximately 50% of denture wearers, is associated clinically with chronic denture stomatitis (DS), and represents a common oral mucosal opportunistic infection. Clinically, DS is most typically associated with wearing a maxillary denture and manifests with chronic erythema and edema of part, or all, of the palatal mucosa that comes into contact with the maxillary denture.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Mucosal Gene Expression Patterns inCandida‐Associated, Chronic Oral Denture Stomatitis

Offenbacher

Barros

Bencharit

et al. 2019

Journal of Prosthodontics

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Purpose Denture stomatitis is a common condition manifested by inflammation of the oral mucous membrane beneath a denture. The objective of this study was to compare the transcriptome of human palatal mucosa with chronic oral stomatitis‐associated Candida albicans infection to that of healthy oral mucosa. Materials and Methods Oral palatal biopsies were obtained from 17 healthy and 15 C. albicans‐infected stomatitis subjects for whole transcriptome analyses. The presence of C. albicans was confirmed by cytology and cultivable methods. The clinical severity of the stomatitis was evaluated by the Newton Classification (Class II or III). For transcriptome analyses a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05 was used, and the effects of age, race, and gender were evaluated by principle component analysis (PCA). Specific differentially expressed genes identified by mRNA array data were confirmed by measurements of salivary protein expression using multiplex analyses. Results Microarray analysis of mRNA expression indicated that in C. albicans stomatitis there were 3034 genes‐in‐play that were differentially expressed and met the FDR < 0.05 criteria. Two hundred thirty five (235) genes were up‐regulated >2‐fold, and 71 genes were down‐regulated >2‐fold. Five of the 6 most significant gene ontology pathways involve inflammation and activation of the immune response with CD28 and CTLA signaling of T cells. There was strong up‐regulation of TLR2, CD14, MYD88, IKKA, and NFKB as the dominant toll‐like receptor‐signaling pathway. The expression of several extracellularly expressed inflammatory protein genes was up‐regulated in candidiasis, and 2 were confirmed as up‐regulated within the saliva using protein multiplexing analyses. Conclusions Neutrophil recruitment and activation, epithelial suppression, and T‐cell activation appear as major pathways in chronic oral candidiasis. Tissue up‐regulation of TLR2 pathways, as well as potential C. albicans binding proteins, was observed, whereas keratin and adhesion molecule synthesis were down‐regulated. Several candidate biomarkers to potentially identify the presence of oral candidiasis were differentially expressed in tissues and saliva.

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Oral Health: The Need for Both Conventional Microbial and Molecular Characterization

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

The Oral Microbiota: A Literature Review for Updating Professionals in Dentistry. Part I

The Oral Microbiota: A Literature Review for Updating Professionals in Dentistry. Part I

Сlinical and microbiological assessment of the effectiveness of preventive measures recommended for patients with prosthetic

Differential Mucosal Gene Expression Patterns inCandida‐Associated, Chronic Oral Denture Stomatitis

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