Oral Infection of Aedes Aegypti with Yellow Fever Virus: Geographic Variation and Genetic Considerations

Tabachnick, Walter J.; Wallis, Graham P.; Aitken, T. H. G.; Miller, Barry R.; Amato, George; Lorenz, Leslie H.; Powell, J.; Beaty, Barry J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.1219

Cited by 143 publications

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“…For example, various studies estimate that the average human to vector efficiency of YFV transmission is much less than 0.5, the estimate under the moderate scenario. [31][32][33][34] At lower efficiency estimates, however, R 0 quickly drops below one, even under ideal environmental conditions. For YFV to cause even occasional epidemics, as it does, either this efficiency has been routinely Asunció n. In the actual Asunció n outbreak, a total of nine locally acquired infections were confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Risk of International Spread of Yellow Fever Virus: A Mathematical Analysis of an Urban Outbreak in Asunción, 2008

Johansson¹,

Arana-Vizcarrondo²,

Biggerstaff³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Yellow fever virus (YFV), a mosquito-borne virus endemic to tropical Africa and South America, is capable of causing large urban outbreaks of human disease. With the ease of international travel, urban outbreaks could lead to the rapid spread and subsequent transmission of YFV in distant locations. We designed a stochastic metapopulation model with spatiotemporally explicit transmissibility scenarios to simulate the global spread of YFV from a single urban outbreak by infected airline travelers. In simulations of a 2008 outbreak in Asunció n, Paraguay, local outbreaks occurred in 12.8% of simulations and international spread in 2.0%. Using simple probabilistic models, we found that local incidence, travel rates, and basic transmission parameters are sufficient to assess the probability of introduction and autochthonous transmission events. These models could be used to assess the risk of YFV spread during an urban outbreak and identify locations at risk for YFV introduction and subsequent autochthonous transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Risk of International Spread of Yellow Fever Virus: A Mathematical Analysis of an Urban Outbreak in Asunción, 2008

Johansson¹,

Arana-Vizcarrondo²,

Biggerstaff³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…aegypti. 13 This species is present in Senegal in 2 forms: a wild form, Ae. aegypti formosus, which has never been found associated with yellow fever virus, and a domestic form, Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical transmission of the yellow fever virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae): dynamics of infection in F1 adult progeny of orally infected females.

Diallo¹,

Thonnon²,

Fontenille³

2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Vertical transmission of yellow fever virus from orally infected females to their progeny was experimentally demonstrated in 2 Aedes aegypti colonies from the Dakar and Koungheul regions in Senegal. A total of 10,530 F 1 adult mosquito progeny were tested. The overall vertical transmission rate was 0.97%, with no significant difference between the Dakar and Koungheul colonies. The infection rates were significantly higher in females (1.15%) than in males (0.74%) in both colonies. The virus was not isolated from the progeny of the first oviposition cycle (OVC1). The true infection rates were 0.27% and 1.99%, respectively, for the OVC2 and OVC3 progeny in the Dakar colony, and 1.1% and 1.48%, respectively, for the OVC2 and OVC3 progeny in the Koungheul colony. The infection rates increased with extrinsic incubation in both male and female offspring of the 2 colonies, reaching 5.2% in 20-day-old OVC3 female progeny in the Dakar colony. The epidemiologic consequences of these results are discussed.In 1995, a yellow fever epidemic occurred in Koungheul, Senegal. 1 Entomologic surveys provided evidence of vertical transmission of the yellow fever virus by its mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. The virus was isolated from wild males and recently emerged adults from larvae collected in the field. 2 Vertical transmission of yellow fever virus has already been proved experimentally in Ae. aegypti, 3,4 and 3 strains of this virus have been isolated from male Ae. furcifer-taylori mosquitoes. 5 The capacity of other mosquito species to vertically transmit yellow fever virus has also been shown experimentally in Ae. mascarensis and Haemagogus equinus. 6,7 The studies conducted in Koungheul on Aedes mosquitoes collected in the field had shown that the infection rate in recently emerged adults was lower than that in males caught on humans. This observation suggested that the viral titer in emerging adults infected by vertical transmission was low and hard to detect with conventional isolation methods, whereas the older mosquitoes had a higher titer. The objective of this study was to study the dynamics of viral infection in emerging adult mosquitoes vertically infected, using the same isolation methods as those used during the Koungheul epidemic. MATERIALS AND METHODSMosquitoes. Two geographic strains of Ae. aegypti from Dakar, and Koungheul, Senegal were used. These colonies were reared at 27 Ϯ 1ЊC and a relative humidity of 70-80% with a 12-hr photoperiod. Adult mosquitoes were regularly fed on guinea pig blood or 10% sugar and larval stages were provided with Tetra Baby Fish Food (TetraWerke, Melle, Germany).Virus. The viral strain used was ArD 114891. It was isolated from a pool of 10 Ae. aegypti females caught on humans in the village of Koung-Koung during the epidemic that occurred in Koungheul, Senegal in 1995. This strain was passed twice on AP61 cell lines (Ae. pseudoscutellaris) and 3 times on suckling mice. The viral stock that we used in our experiments was prepared with triturated, infected suckling mice bra...

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“…aegypti s.1. using mitochondrial DNA markers, have shown that global collections fell into two clades (Tabachnick and Powell, 1979;Powell, Tabachnick and Arnold, 1980;Tabachnick, 1982Tabachnick, , 1991Lorenz et al, 1984;Wallis, Tabachnick and Powell, 1984;Tabachnick et al, 1985;Muñoz et al, 2013;. One clade contained Ae.…”

Section: Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti is also a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, both of which cause lymphatic filariasis or elephantiasis (Service, 2012; Consequently, Ae. aegypti has been the subject of numerous vector competence and population genetic studies (Aitken, Downs and Shope, 1977;Gubler et al, 1979;Tabachnick and Powell, 1979;Rosen et al, 1985;Tabachnick et al, 1985;Tardieux et al, 1990;Miller and Mitchell, 1991;Apostol, Reiter and Miller, 1996;Bosio and Beaty, 1998;Vazeille-Falcoz et al, 1999;Bosio, Fulton and Salasek, 2000;Bennett et al, 2002b;Gorrochotegui-Escalante et al, 2002;Mercado-Curiel, Black and Muñoz, 2008;Lozano-Fuentes et al, 2009;Sylla et al, 2009;Lambrechts, 2011;Lambrechts et al, 2011;Guo et al, 2013;Muñoz et al, 2013b;Chepkorir et al, 2014;Diagne et al, 2014;Dickson et al, 2014;Gonçalves et al, 2014;Vega-Rúa et al, 2014).…”

Section: Genetics Of Vector Competence In Ae Aegypti Vector Competenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2018

Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology

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This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries.This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.Photo credits: Cover © Maks Ershov.Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2018You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the source and copyright owner(s) is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at info@copyright.com or the Centre francais d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at contact@cfcopies.com. FOREWORD │ 3SAFETY ASSESSMENTOF TRANSGENIC ORGANISMSIN THE ENVIRONMENT, VOLUME 8 © OECD 2018 ForewordModern biotechnologies are applied to plants species (crops, flowers, trees), animals and micro-organisms. The safety of the resulting transgenic organisms when released in the environment for their use in agriculture, forestry, the food and feed industry or for other applications represents a challenging issue. Genetically engineered products are rigorously assessed by their developers during their elaboration, and by governments when ready for release, to ensure high safety standards. This remains essential with new biotechnology developments using insects to fight against disease outbreaks: engineered mosquitoes need to be evaluated through a scientifically sound approach to risk/safety assessment that will inform biosafety regulators and support the decision concerning the release of these novel organisms in the environment.The OECD offers a long-standing recognised expertise in biosafety and contributes to facilitating an harmonised approach. The OECD's Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology (WG-HROB) was established in 1995. The WG-HROB gathers national authorities responsible for the environmental risk/safety assessment of products of modern biotechnology in OECD countries and other economies. International organisations and experts involved in biosafety activities are a...

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Oral Infection of Aedes Aegypti with Yellow Fever Virus: Geographic Variation and Genetic Considerations

Cited by 143 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing the Risk of International Spread of Yellow Fever Virus: A Mathematical Analysis of an Urban Outbreak in Asunción, 2008

Assessing the Risk of International Spread of Yellow Fever Virus: A Mathematical Analysis of an Urban Outbreak in Asunción, 2008

Vertical transmission of the yellow fever virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae): dynamics of infection in F1 adult progeny of orally infected females.

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