Oral Insulin: Myth or Reality

Kumar, Vikas; Choudhry, Ishwari; Namdev, Ankit; Mishra, Sumit; Soni, Sourabh; Hurkat, Pooja; Jain, Ashish; Jain, Dharmendra

doi:10.2174/1573399813666170621122742

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Oral delivery of insulin is probably the most preferable method with a more physiologic portal-to-peripheral insulin ratio; therefore, various approaches are under investigation [ 72 , 73 ]. However, major challenges in developing oral insulins, such as interference by meal ingestion, high absorption variability, low bioavailability, and resulting commercial unviability, are still a significant obstacle to success.…”

Section: The Future Of Insulin Therapy: Noninjecting Insulinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Century of Progress in Diabetes Care with Insulin: A History of Innovations and Foundation for the Future

Lee

Yoon

2021

Diabetes Metab J

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The year 2021 marks the 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin, which has greatly changed the lives of people with diabetes and become a cornerstone of advances in medical science. A rapid bench-to-bedside application of the lifesaving pancreatic extract and its immediate commercialization was the result of a promising idea, positive drive, perseverance, and collaboration of Banting and colleagues. As one of the very few proteins isolated in a pure form at that time, insulin also played a key role in the development of important methodologies and in the beginning of various fields of modern science. Since its discovery, insulin has evolved continuously to optimize the care of people with diabetes. Since the 1980s, recombinant DNA technology has been employed to engineer insulin analogs by modifying their amino acid sequence, which has resulted in the production of insulins with various profiles that are currently used. However, unmet needs in insulin treatment still exist, and several forms of future insulins are under development. In this review, we discuss the past, present, and future of insulin, including a history of ceaseless innovations and collective intelligence. We believe that this story will be a solid foundation and an unerring guide for the future.

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Section: The Future Of Insulin Therapy: Noninjecting Insulinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Century of Progress in Diabetes Care with Insulin: A History of Innovations and Foundation for the Future

Lee

Yoon

2021

Diabetes Metab J

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“…Oral administration of insulin is the most suitable and attractive as compared to the subcutaneous route but, unfortunately, cannot be utilized for the administration of peptides and proteins due to poor epithelial permeability and enzymatic degradation within the gastrointestinal tract [75]. The oral delivery of insulin presents several challenges, specifically the poor bioavailability resulting from the low intestinal permeability, lack of efficacy, enzymatic degradation, potential toxicity, lack of specificity, side effects.…”

Section: Micellesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Treatment Strategies for Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications: An Update

et al. 2021

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The occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly at an accelerating rate worldwide. The status of diabetes has changed over the last three generations; whereas before it was deemed a minor disease of older people but currently it is now one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among middle-aged and young people. High blood glucose-mediated functional loss, insulin sensitivity, and insulin deficiency lead to chronic disorders such as Type 1 and Type 2 DM. Traditional treatments of DM, such as insulin sensitization and insulin secretion cause undesirable side effects, leading to patient incompliance and lack of treatment. Nanotechnology in diabetes studies has encouraged the development of new modalities for measuring glucose and supplying insulin that hold the potential to improve the quality of life of diabetics. Other therapies, such as β-cells regeneration and gene therapy, in addition to insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs, are currently used to control diabetes. The present review highlights the nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems and emerging treatment strategies of DM.

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“…Recently, studies on orally available insulin have been increasing. Although the dose of insulin required by oral administration may be much higher than that of subcutaneous administration, the hypoglycemic response after oral administration is reduced, and the insulin lasts longer than that after subcutaneous administration [45–47]. For example, when evaluating the hypoglycemic effects of micelles and nanoparticles on diabetic rats and the pharmacokinetics of oral insulin, CSK‐NPs induced a better hypoglycemic effect with maximal blood glucose depression [48].…”

Section: Simulating the Gastrointestinal Mucus Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral drug delivery with nanoparticles into the gastrointestinal mucosa

Liu¹,

Leng²,

Liu³

2020

Fundamemntal Clinical Pharma

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The oral route of protein and peptide drugs has been a popular method of drug delivery in recent years, although it is often a challenge to achieve effective drug release and minimize the barrier functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal mucosa can capture and remove harmful substances; similarly, it can limit the absorption of drugs. Many drugs are effectively captured by the mucus and rapidly removed, making it difficult to control the release of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. The use of drug carrier systems can overcome the mucosal barrier and significantly improve bioavailability. Nanoparticle drug carriers can protect the drug from degradation, transporting it to a predetermined location in the gastrointestinal tract to achieve more efficient and sustained drug delivery. It is becoming clearer that the characteristics of nanoparticles, such as particle size, charge, and hydrophobicity, are related to permeability of the mucosal barrier. This review focuses on the latest research progress of nanoparticles to penetrate the mucosal barrier, including the delivery methods of nanoparticles on the surface of gastrointestinal mucosa, and aims to summarize how successful oral nanoparticle delivery systems can overcome this biological barrier in the human body. In addition, the in vitro model based on gastrointestinal mucus is an important tool for drug research and development. Here, we discuss different types of drug delivery systems and their advantages and disadvantages in design and potential applications. Similarly, we reviewed and summarized various methods for evaluating oral nanoparticles in in vitro and in vivo models.

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Oral Insulin: Myth or Reality

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

A Century of Progress in Diabetes Care with Insulin: A History of Innovations and Foundation for the Future

A Century of Progress in Diabetes Care with Insulin: A History of Innovations and Foundation for the Future

Emerging Treatment Strategies for Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications: An Update

Oral drug delivery with nanoparticles into the gastrointestinal mucosa

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