Oral lesions and immune status of HIV infected adults from eastern Nepal

Abstract

Objective: To document the prevalence, age and gender distribution of oral lesions in HIV infected adults and the influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy and correlate them to the immune status of the patients. Materials and Methods: Oral lesions were diagnosed by a detailed physical examination by trained and calibrated examiners according to the case definitions established by the Oral HIV/AIDS research alliance. Demographic details, risk behavior patterns and oral symptoms and habits were collected by a questionnaire. Results: 81 patients; 54 men and 27 women aged between 20 – 55 years participated in the study. A total of 49 patients; 60.5% had some oral lesion when examined. Oral candidiasis (21 %) and oral melanosis (21%) were the most common lesions, followed by linear gingival erythema, oral hairy leukoplakia, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis/gingivitis, herpes labialis, parotid gland enlargement and reccurent apthous ulcers. Oral hairy leukoplakia was exclusively seen in men (p=0.018). All six cases of herpes simplex lesion were seen in non - anti retro viral group (p=0.073) while oral candidiasis was commonly noted in the anti retro viral group (p=0.073). Lowering CD4 counts had the strongest association with the prevalence of oral candidasis (p=0.012), pseudomembranous candidiasis (p=0.014) and oral hairy leukoplakia (p= 0.065). Conclusion: This study shows a high prevalence of oral candidiasis, melanosis, linear gingival erythema and oral hairy leukoplakia in the patients. Key words:HIV, AIDS, oral lesions, prevalence.

Caries experience by socio-behavioral characteristics in HIV-1 infected and uninfected Ugandan mothers - a multilevel analysis

“…Studies have reported on strong associations between HIV-1 infection and oral mucosal lesions and periodontal disease [8][9][10][11]. Moreover, the prevalence of oral lesions seems to increase with increasing level of immune suppression [12,13].…”

Oral and maxillofacial pathologies in young‐ and middle‐aged adults

“…The prevalence of oral lesions has been investigated in various groups of patients with specific medical conditions, such as oncologic patients (Sepulveda Tebache et al, 2003), HIV carriers (Patton et al, 2002;Naidu et al, 2013), and renal transplant patients (Gulec and Haberal, 2010;Sahebjamee et al, 2010). Some authors studied general adult populations (Jones and Franklin, 2006a;Pentenero et al, 2008;Matranga et al, 2012), whereas others referred to either elderly (Jainkittivong et al, 2002;Mozafari et al, 2012) or pediatric populations (Shulman et al, 2004;Jones and Franklin, 2006b;Lima Gda et al, 2008;Shah et al, 2009;Majorana et al, 2010;Vale et al, 2013).…”

Oral mucocele/ranula: Another human immunodeficiency virus‐related salivary gland disease?

“…Several oral and medical conditions frequently associated with HIV infection have been reported in the literature. Oral candidiasis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, Kaposi sarcoma, cancrum oris, and facial herpes zoster (HZ) are lesions that are frequently described in the facial region and oral cavity in association with HIV infection …”