Oral lesions and saliva alterations of COVID‐19 patients in an intensive care unit: A retrospective study

Eduardo, Fernanda de Paula; Bezinelli, Letícia Mello; Gobbi, Marcella Ferreira; Bergamin, Livia Goron; Carvalho, Danielle Lima Corrêa de; Corrêa, Luciana

doi:10.1111/scd.12705

“…Still, this subject is under researched and further exploration is required. Finally, previous studies of ICU COVID-19 patients reported xerostomia, mucosal blistering and ulcers, rash, lip necrosis, and loss of taste and smell (Kamel et al, 2021;Eduardo et al, 2022;Yoshino et al, 2022). These can exacerbate such conditions as periodontitis, being an important risk factor for complications in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU (Marouf et al, 2021).…”

Section: Gregorczykmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cultivable oral bacteriota dysbiosis in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients

Gregorczyk-Maga

¹

,

Fiema²,

Michal³

et al. 2022

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Potential interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the human oral microbiota are currently investigated widely. Patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU) setting are at high risk of developing severe complications, including ventilator-associated pneumonia, thus making oral health management important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health status and assess the dysbiosis of cultivable oral bacteriota in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in an ICU with acute respiratory distress within 36 h following intubation. In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 56 adult COVID-19 patients that qualified for mechanical ventilation in the Temporary ICU for COVID-19 Patients of the University Hospital in Krakow. On admission to the ICU, oral health of patients was assessed using the modified Beck Oral Assessment Score (BOAS). Four oral habitats were sampled, namely the buccal mucosa, tongue, buccal dental surface and gingival pocket. Microorganisms were identified by MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry. The mean age of the study population was 66.5 ± 12.7 years, there were 24 (42.9%) females. All patients included in this study were intubated and ventilated in the ICU, with a corresponding high mortality rate (76.8%). On admission to ICU, 76.8% subjects scored 11–20 on the BOAS scale (median 12 [IQR 10–14]), indicating moderate or severe dysfunction of oral health. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were identified in the oral microbiota samples, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 23.2%, 39.3%, 17.9%, and 19.6% of patients, respectively. Lactobacillus spp. were present in 57.1% subjects. The mean CFU counts of all bacteria strains in dental brushes were 9.3E+5 (1.4E+6) and in gingival pockets 7.6E+5 (1.4E+6). The highest CFU counts were observed for Enterococcus spp. and, Lactobacillus spp., although these did not differ significantly from CFU counts of Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. In this report we comprehensively characterized the oral health condition and cultivable oral bacteriota in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in an ICU with acute respiratory distress within 36 h following intubation. The oral bacteriota showed significant qualitative and quantitative dysbiosis. Hospitalization in an ICU and mechanical ventilation are important factors leading to oral dysbiosis in SARS-CoV-2 patients.

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“…As a symptomatic therapy, artificial saliva is usable as a saliva substitute for patients with xerostomia, dry mouth, or hyposalivation. Eduardo et al [153] prescribed artificial saliva for dry mouth of COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit. Unfortunately, they memtioned neither treatment procedure nor clinical outcome in detail.…”

Section: Substitution For Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments of COVID-19-Associated Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders

Tsuchiya¹

2023

Preprint

0

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Since the worldwide spread of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), treating taste and saliva secretory disorders associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the most critical issues in the COVID-19 era. The aim of the present study was to update information on treatments being applicable to such oral symptoms and discuss their pathogenic mechanisms. Promising treatments include different types of methods using tetracycline, corticosteroid, zinc, stellate ganglion block, phytochemical curcumin, traditional herbal medicine, nutraceutical vitamin D, photobiomodulation, antiviral drug, malic acid sialagogue, chewing gum, acupuncture, and/or moxibustion. At present, however, fully validated treatments are still lacking for COVID-19-associated ageusia/dysgeusia/hypogeusia and xerostomia/dry mouth/hyposalivation. An appropriately selected treatment and oral healthcare should be provided to COVID-19 patients and survivors suffering from taste and saliva secretory disorders. Understanding of currently available treatment options is required for dental profes-sionals because they not only experience patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 or recov-ered from COVID-19 but first become aware of their abnormal taste and salivary secretion. By doing so, dentists and dental hygienists can play a crucial role in managing COVID-19-associated oral symptoms and contribute to improving the oral health-related quality of life of the relevant dental patients.

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“…Eduardo et al [153] prescribed artificial saliva for dry mouth of COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit. Unfortunately, they memtioned neither treatment procedure nor clinical outcome in detail.…”

Section: Use Of Artificial Saliva and Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

Treatments of COVID-19-Associated Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders

Tsuchiya¹

2023

Preprint

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the worldwide spread of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), treating taste and saliva secretory disorders associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the most critical issues in the COVID-19 era. The aim of the present study was to update information on treatments being applicable to such oral symptoms and discuss their pathogenic mechanisms. Promising treatments include different types of methods using tetracycline, corticosteroid, zinc, stellate ganglion block, phytochemical curcumin, traditional herbal medicine, nutraceutical vitamin D, photobiomodulation, antiviral drug, malic acid sialagogue, chewing gum, acupuncture, and/or moxibustion. At present, however, fully validated treatments are still lacking for COVID-19-associated ageusia/dysgeusia/hypogeusia and xerostomia/dry mouth/hyposalivation. An appropriately selected treatment and oral healthcare should be provided to COVID-19 patients and survivors suffering from taste and saliva secretory disorders. Understanding of currently available treatment options is required for dental profes-sionals because they not only experience patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 or recov-ered from COVID-19 but first become aware of their abnormal taste and salivary secretion. By doing so, dentists and dental hygienists can play a crucial role in managing COVID-19-associated oral symptoms and contribute to improving the oral health-related quality of life of the relevant dental patients.

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Oral lesions and saliva alterations of COVID‐19 patients in an intensive care unit: A retrospective study

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Cultivable oral bacteriota dysbiosis in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients

Cultivable oral bacteriota dysbiosis in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients

Treatments of COVID-19-Associated Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders

Treatments of COVID-19-Associated Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders

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