Oral lesions in patients consuming different types of smokeless tobacco. A literature review.

Abstract

Introduction: Smokeless tobacco (ST) is widely consumed around the world, with products such as gutkha and paan masala being particularly common. These products typically contain areca nut, which is known for its carcinogenic properties and negative effects on oral health. In addition, tobacco is a key ingredient in ST and has been linked to a range of general and dental health issues, particularly among younger populations. Objetive: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the harmful effect of ST in the oral health. Method: A bibliographic search was conducted based on a sistematic review of articles published between January 2009 and March 2023, aided by PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar search engines. Results: Some studies have shown that ST and areca nut components can be particularly dangerous for people with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Additionally, tobacco has a significant impact on periodontal and dental health, with pathological lesions that may lead to malignant disorders. Peer pressure and stress are common reasons for ST addiction. As such, promoting the intention to quit this habit should be repeatedly emphasized to avoid the negative consequences of these products. Conclusion: the consumption of tobacco has taken a huge toll around the world with its frequency and health consequences. The widespread of ST products such as gutkha and paan masala has affected all age groups. These are responsible for many repercussions that are harmful to health.