Oral lichenoid lesions of the upper lip

Abstract

The combination of clarithromycin and prednisolone may be considered as an alternative intervention in patients with lichenoid lesions of the upper lip and upper anterior gingiva.

Oral lichenoid lesions of the upper lip and gingiva: What we know so far

“…The first line of treatment for symptomatic oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions are topical and systemic corticosteroids (Georgakopoulou & Scully, ; Scully & Carrozzo, ; Shipley & Spivakovsky, ). Many patients received such treatments with reported outcomes being poor (Georgakopoulou & Achtari, ; Robinson et al., ); this being considered another common feature which makes these patients a separate group. The various treatment approaches and the reported outcomes are summarized in Table .…”

“…The location of the lesions almost exclusively on the mucosal surface of the upper lip and the anterior upper gingiva is the main clinical feature, and the fact that also the lesions usually "face each other" (Figure 1). Erythema accompanied with white striae-like components is the most commonly described clinical appearance ( Figure 1); cases presenting with erosions were also reported (Georgakopoulou & Achtari, 2017). The differential diagnosis of the lesions is oral lichen planus, plasma cell gingivitis/ stomatitis, granulomatous gingivitis, and cinnamon contact stomatitis (Georgakopoulou & Achtari, 2017).…”

“…Erythema accompanied with white striae-like components is the most commonly described clinical appearance ( Figure 1); cases presenting with erosions were also reported (Georgakopoulou & Achtari, 2017). The differential diagnosis of the lesions is oral lichen planus, plasma cell gingivitis/ stomatitis, granulomatous gingivitis, and cinnamon contact stomatitis (Georgakopoulou & Achtari, 2017). The possible microbial trigger in the pathogenesis is supported by the fact that the lesions responded to treatment with topical and systemic antimicrobials (Bäckman & Jontell, 2007;Blomgren et al, 1996;Georgakopoulou & Achtari, 2017).…”

“…The differential diagnosis of the lesions is oral lichen planus, plasma cell gingivitis/ stomatitis, granulomatous gingivitis, and cinnamon contact stomatitis (Georgakopoulou & Achtari, 2017). The possible microbial trigger in the pathogenesis is supported by the fact that the lesions responded to treatment with topical and systemic antimicrobials (Bäckman & Jontell, 2007;Blomgren et al, 1996;Georgakopoulou & Achtari, 2017). The possibility that these lesions represent a type of allergichypersensitivity reaction (to dental materials or microbial antigens) is suggested by the presence of granulomatous inflammation in some lesions (Robinson et al, 2006) and the resolution of lesions when dental restorations in anterior teeth were replaced in some patients (Blomgren et al, 1996).…”

“…In the past 20 years, several cases of oral lichenoid lesions affecting only the upper lip and anterior upper gingiva ( Figure 1) have been reported (Bäckman & Jontell, 2007;Blomgren, Axell, Sandahl, & Jontell, 1996;Georgakopoulou & Achtari, 2017;Robinson, Oxley, Weir, & Eveson, 2006). These lesions possibly represent a subtype of lichenoid lesions related to oral microbia and hypersensitivity (Blomgren et al, 1996;Ferguson, Golden, & Morrison, 2016).…”