Oral malodor, assessed by closed‐loop, gas chromatography, and ion‐trap technology

Claus, D.; Geypens, Benny; Ghoos, Yvo; Rutgeerts, Paul; Ghyselen, Jenny; Hoshi, K.; Delanghe, G

doi:10.1002/jhrc.1240200209

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The total number of VOCs reported in saliva in this review is 549, which represents an increase of 96 compounds since 2014. These additional VOCs were sourced from papers studying differences between diseased subjects and controls (which were seemingly healthy [111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118]). All of these compounds had previously been identified in other body fluids [1].…”

Section: Volatile Organic Compounds Found In Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human volatilome

et al. 2021

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This paper comprises an updated version of the 2014 review which reported 1846 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified from healthy humans. In total over 900 additional VOCs have been reported since the 2014 review and the VOCs from semen have been added. The numbers of VOCs found in breath and the other bodily fluids are: blood 379, breath 1488, faeces 443, milk 290, saliva 549, semen 196, skin 623 and urine 444. Compounds were assigned CAS registry numbers and named according to a common convention where possible. The compounds have been included in a single table with the source reference(s) for each VOC, an update on our 2014 paper. VOCs have also been grouped into tables according to their chemical class or functionality to permit easy comparison. Careful use of the database is needed, as a number of the identified VOCs only have level 2—putative assignment, and only a small fraction of the reported VOCs have been validated by standards. Some clear differences are observed, for instance, a lack of esters in urine with a high number in faeces and breath. However, the lack of compounds from matrices such a semen and milk compared to breath for example could be due to the techniques used or reflect the intensity of effort e.g. there are few publications on VOCs from milk and semen compared to a large number for breath. The large number of volatiles reported from skin is partly due to the methodologies used, e.g. by collecting skin sebum (with dissolved VOCs and semi VOCs) onto glass beads or cotton pads and then heating to a high temperature to desorb VOCs. All compounds have been included as reported (unless there was a clear discrepancy between name and chemical structure), but there may be some mistaken assignations arising from the original publications, particularly for isomers. It is the authors’ intention that this work will not only be a useful database of VOCs listed in the literature but will stimulate further study of VOCs from healthy individuals; for example more work is required to confirm the identification of these VOCs adhering to the principles outlined in the metabolomics standards initiative. Establishing a list of volatiles emanating from healthy individuals and increased understanding of VOC metabolic pathways is an important step for differentiating between diseases using VOCs.

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Section: Volatile Organic Compounds Found In Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human volatilome

et al. 2021

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“…Importantly, they are commonly found in exhaled breath of malodor‐afflicted people and their elevated levels are widely reported in putrefied saliva, but not in “fresh” and healthy samples, since the residence time of oral fluid in the mouth is very short . Indole, phenol and pyrrole are also typical bacterial putrefaction metabolites of various amino acids . Acetone and isoprene belong to the most abundant substances in exhaled breath and both of them may dissolve in oral fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of bacterial viability from incubated saliva by application of flow cytometry and hyphenated separation techniques

et al. 2017

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The aim of the study was determination of bacterial viability in saliva samples and finding a correlation between microbiological and volatile profiles of saliva depending on incubation time. Bacteria colonizing healthy oral cavities were also identified. Twelve healthy adults donated unstimulated saliva samples. Flow cytometry, optical density measurements and colony-forming unit (CFU) counting method were employed for analyses of native and inoculated saliva after 0, 1, 2, 24, and 48 h of incubation. Volatile profiles were acquired using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). Oral bacteria were the most viable within 2 h after collection of saliva. Extension of incubation time to 48 h caused considerable decrease in live bacteria counts and sharp increase in dead bacteria counts. The most prevalent strain was Sphingomonas paucimobilis (26.67%). The number of volatiles raised from 5 to 27 with incubation time and most of them were putrefaction products, such as methanethiol, indole and pyrrole. HS-SPME-GC/MS method is insufficient for volatile profiling of "fresh" saliva and should be directed rather to investigation of bacterial metabolites.

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Distinguish oral-source VOCs and control their potential impact on breath biomarkers

Zhou

Chu

et al. 2022

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Oral malodor, assessed by closed‐loop, gas chromatography, and ion‐trap technology

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human volatilome

A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human volatilome

Investigation of bacterial viability from incubated saliva by application of flow cytometry and hyphenated separation techniques

Distinguish oral-source VOCs and control their potential impact on breath biomarkers

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