Oral manifestation and its management in postmenopausal women: an integrated review

Abstract

Postmenopause is a phase of life which leads physical and emotional instability from multiple health related issues. Oral health in this stage of life is also compromised. Oral health has an impact on general wellbeing of the individual as oral cavity is commonly act as a mirror to general health. Menopause is phase in a woman’s life when menstrual cycles cease by reduced secretion of the ovarian hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone. This review article has emphasized on the diverse oral presentations of peri- and postmenopausal phase of women’s life. Practicing dental surgeons and general physician should be aware of the possible association of postmenopause and its various oral signs and symptoms in this midlife phase of women. It also focuses on its symptomatic management of various oral health issues. This article explains diverse oral conditions in detailed and their management. Stress causing anxiety and depression among this midlife phase of women can lead to alteration in immunity which can again lead to various oral conditions, like lichen planus, apthous ulcer that can cause burning sensation in oral mucosa and alter the food habit. By dealing with all this diverse condition, practicing oral physician can help to reduce and manage oral manifestation of postmenopausal phase of life.

Case Report: Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus With a Focus on Psychological Methods

“…Based on previous clinical studies, it is generally believed that mental stress is one of the possible risk factors for the development of OLP ( 6 ). A previous study showed that in postmenopausal women, stress could lead to anxiety and depression, which are common reasons of lichen planus ( 7 ). A study showed that 48% of the 274 OLP patients had mental problems, and anxiety, depression and stress existed in 45% of these OLP patients with mental problems ( 3 ).…”

Osteoporose e saúde bucal: revisão de literatura

“…Visualizando os riscos dos pacientes osteoporóticos se faz necessário entender sobre o desenvolvimento da doença a fim de atingir o mecanismo fisiopatológico e minimizar as suas repercussões. Alguns artigos abordaram indiretamente a osteoporose através desses fatores de risco, sendo eles: mulheres menopausadas, diabetes mellitus e a deficiência de vitamina D (Jagelaviciene et al, 2018;Sen et al, 2020;Izuora et al, 2020;Wang & McCauley, 2016;Tanaka et al, 2020).…”

“…Segundo, Sen et al (2020) as principais manifestações clínicas em mulheres menopausadas são a xerostomia, síndrome da boca ardente, periodontite, gengivite, neuralgia do trigêmeo, distúrbios de mucosa e a osteoporose. A explicação para isso se dá através da baixa produção de estrogênio após a menopausa, estimulando a produção de substâncias inflamatórias (interleucinas, fator de necrose tumoral alfa, granulócitos, fator estimulador de colônias, etc.)…”

“…Vale ressaltar que os pacientes avaliados não tinham a idade muito avançada, o que influencia nos pacientes avaliados com osteoporose. SEN et al, 2020. Disinfecting effects of rotary instrumentation with either 2.5% sodium hypochlorite or 2% chlorhexidine as the main irrigant: a randomized clinical study.…”

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Oral Health: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges

“…Around the same time, changes in oral health are also common as teeth and gums become more susceptible to disease, which can lead to inflammation, pain, bleeding, and eventually lost or missing teeth. Estrogen therapy was shown to be effective in reducing tooth and gum diseases in postmenopausal women [ 138 , 139 , 140 ]. This protective role is lost in older adults or postmenopausal women due to decreased levels of endogenous sex hormones among COVID-19 patients [ 87 , 88 ].…”