Oral manifestations of lupus

Abstract

Our findings suggest that oral pathology is common in this cohort of patients. Regular oral examination is warranted to identify oral lupus and provide treatment. Associated diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome may also be identified. Patients should be encouraged to see their general dental practitioners on a regular basis for mucosal review. Any persistent ulcer that fails to respond to treatment or hard lump needs urgent histopathological evaluation to exclude malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma.

Autoantibody profile and clinical patterns in 619 Italian patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus

“…Many studies have emphasized the importance of early diagnosis of oral lesions to recognize patients with SLE as a systemic disease. 42,43 In our experience, oral ulcers were associated more often with CCLE and with LE-non-specific skin lesions and with female sex. No associations with smoking were found.…”

Oral manifestations of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases

“…The typical variation is represented as erythema or erosion together with white papules in its center and white keratotic striae in the periphery, sometimes with telangiectasia. Among other nonspecific lesions are honeycomb plaques (white reticular plaques), lifted keratotic plaques, nonspecific erythemas, purpura, petechiae, and ulcers (12,47). Discoid lesions on the lip vermilion and cheilitis can also be found; of note, these lesions spread into perioral skin (3,12).…”

“…Moreover, secondary infections may occur, particularly viral and fungal in the oral cavity (2). There are several possible reasons for this (47). Oral manifestations are usually multiple in asymmetric arrangement, generally found on the lips, buccal mucosa, hard palate, and gingiva.…”

Association between oral lesions and disease activity in lupus erythematosus

“…4,9,10,12,13,17,18,[20][21][22][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Thus, in contrast to cutaneous lupus lesions, no uniformity exists in classifying oral lesions. Clinical descriptions of oral lupus lesions vary enormously in the different studies, and the terminology used to describe oral lesions in the scientific literature in patients with lupus is somewhat imprecise and varied, highlighting the following: 'lupus cheilitis', 'chronic plaques', 'oral discoid lesions', 'honeycomb plaques', 'lichen planus-like lesions', 'keratotic lesions', 'ulcerative plaques', 'oral ulcers', 'erythematous patches', 'pebbly red areas', 'purpuric lesions', enanthema and 'diffuse palatal petechial erythema'.…”

“…Clinical descriptions of oral lupus lesions vary enormously in the different studies, and the terminology used to describe oral lesions in the scientific literature in patients with lupus is somewhat imprecise and varied, highlighting the following: 'lupus cheilitis', 'chronic plaques', 'oral discoid lesions', 'honeycomb plaques', 'lichen planus-like lesions', 'keratotic lesions', 'ulcerative plaques', 'oral ulcers', 'erythematous patches', 'pebbly red areas', 'purpuric lesions', enanthema and 'diffuse palatal petechial erythema'. 4,9,10,12,13,17,18,[20][21][22][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Thus, in contrast to cutaneous lupus lesions, no uniformity exists in classifying oral lesions. An adequate clinical categorization is lacking, and as a consequence, a comparison between existing studies is hampered.…”