Oral manifestations of sporotrichosis: A neglected disease

Abstract

Sporotrichosis is an uncommon subacute or chronic infection caused by Sporothrix spp. In some urban areas of Latin America, sporotrichosis has been considered an emergent cosmopolitan disease of zoonotic transmission by domestic cats. There are four different clinical forms of the disease: fixed cutaneous, lymphocutaneous, multifocal or disseminated cutaneous, and extracutaneous. The oral mucosa is rarely involved, usually as unspecified chronic ulcers in the context of multifocal or disseminated cutaneous form of systemic sporotrichosis. Microscopical features include chronic granulomatous inflammation containing microabscesses and fungal hyphae positive for Periodic acid Schiff and silver-based stains. The diagnosis of sporotrichosis is usually based on culture detection and strict correlation of clinical, microscopical and laboratorial data. We herein contribute with two additional illustrative cases of oral manifestation of sporotrichosis in immunocompromised patients from an endemic urban area from Rio de Janeiro-Brazil.

Oral and oropharyngeal mucosal lesions: clinical-epidemiological study of patients attended at a reference center for infectious diseases

“… 69 , 70 Despite sporotrichosis being an endemic disease in the state of Rio de Janeiro, 71 the frequency of OOPML was low in our study, confirming the rarity of lesions in this disease. 72 , 73 In addition to OOPML in leprosy being rare, 74 the low frequency in the present study may be related to the fact that most patients are routinely treated at specific leprosy reference centers. 75…”

Oral mucosa sporotrichosis: Report of a rare case acquired by direct inoculation

“…Reported cases of oral mucosal involvement were among children with lip lesions after kissing an infected cat [ 3 , 15 ]. Oral mucosa involvement can also be part of the presentation of the disseminated type [ [16] , [17] , [18] ]. In such cases, the host immunes were compromised and oral mucosa involvement was not related to any contact or traumatic inoculation to the oral mucosa region [ [16] , [17] , [18] ].…”

“…Oral mucosa involvement can also be part of the presentation of the disseminated type [ [16] , [17] , [18] ]. In such cases, the host immunes were compromised and oral mucosa involvement was not related to any contact or traumatic inoculation to the oral mucosa region [ [16] , [17] , [18] ]. Thus, in an isolated lesion involving the labial mucosa, it is important to explore the history of feline-related traumatic inoculation.…”

Sporothrix brasiliensis Causing Atypical Sporotrichosis in Brazil: A Systematic Review

“…Mucosal involvement occurred as a primary disease in the majority of the patients (92%, n = 230/251), while the remaining (8%, n = 21) developed mucosal sporotrichosis due to a hematogenous dissemination of Sporothrix spp. Even though all such patients were cured, 12% (23/193) had sequelae of the mycosis, such as chronic dacryocystitis, corneal changes, cutaneous fistula, lagophthalmos, ectropion, entropion, pannus 180 • , symblepharon, conjunctival fibrosis, paracentral leucoma or eyelid retraction (ocular), and hyperrhynolalia and retraction of the right ala nasi (nasal) (Table 1) [15,20,21,29,31,32,41,42,47,48,52,53,57,60,61,[63][64][65]67,70,71,[73][74][75]78,79,81,82].…”