Oral microbial communities in sickness and in health

Jenkinson, Howard F.; Lamont, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.09.006

Cited by 510 publications

(477 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Free phage would be enriched in the chloroformed sample due to the release of intracellular phage from host cells as described above. Streptococci are among the first bacteria to colonize the oral cavity and remain in the mouth and oropharynx at high population densities throughout an individual's life (2,5). Lactobacilli and other lactic acid bacteria are also common constituents of the normal oral flora, but are present at lower abundances, as reflected by the lower abundances of their phage in the oropharyngeal viral communities (2, 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…can be pathogenic when introduced into other body sites (1)(2)(3). In healthy individuals, these normal flora prevent colonization by invading organisms by changing the local pH, by producing bacteriocins, and by providing a mechanical barrier that prevents adherence to mucosal surfaces (2,4,5). The oropharynx is also a reservoir for several viruses, including HIV, as well as for papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr virus, which are associated with oropharyngeal carcinomas (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Metagenomic detection of phage-encoded platelet-binding factors in the human oral cavity

Willner¹,

Furlan²,

Schmieder³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

118

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The human oropharynx is a reservoir for many potential pathogens, including streptococcal species that cause endocarditis. Although oropharyngeal microbes have been well described, viral communities are essentially uncharacterized. We conducted a metagenomic study to determine the composition of oropharyngeal DNA viral communities (both phage and eukaryotic viruses) in healthy individuals and to evaluate oropharyngeal swabs as a rapid method for viral detection. Viral DNA was extracted from 19 pooled oropharyngeal swabs and sequenced. Viral communities consisted almost exclusively of phage, and complete genomes of several phage were recovered, including Escherichia coli phage T3, Propionibacterium acnes phage PA6, and Streptococcus mitis phage SM1. Phage relative abundances changed dramatically depending on whether samples were chloroform treated or filtered to remove microbial contamination. pblA and pblB genes of phage SM1 were detected in the metagenomes. pblA and pblB mediate the attachment of S. mitis to platelets and play a significant role in S. mitis virulence in the endocardium, but have never previously been detected in the oral cavity. These genes were also identified in salivary metagenomes from three individuals at three time points and in individual saliva samples by PCR. Additionally, we demonstrate that phage SM1 can be induced by commonly ingested substances. Our results indicate that the oral cavity is a reservoir for pblA and pblB genes and for phage SM1 itself. Further studies will determine the association between pblA and pblB genes in the oral cavity and the risk of endocarditis.endocarditis | metagenomics | oropharyngeal viruses | phage-encoded virulence | streptococcal phage

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic detection of phage-encoded platelet-binding factors in the human oral cavity

Willner¹,

Furlan²,

Schmieder³

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

118

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“…Disruption of this community has been proposed to trigger or influence the course of oral diseases, especially among immunocompromised patients [72]. Metagenomic sampling of individual sites within the oral cavity shows that there are probably hundreds of different microbial niches [73][74][75][76]. The fungal component of the oral microbiota, however, has been only recently characterized.…”

Section: Fungi Inhabiting the Oral Mucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobiota: Micro-Eukaryotes Inhabiting Our Body as Commensals or Opportunistic Pathogens

Rizzetto¹,

Filippo²,

Cavalieri³

2015

Fungal Genom Biol

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The advent of metagenomics has profoundly revolutionized our way to describe microbial communities and discover sequence based biomarkers of health and disease. Similarly to bacteria commensal fungi are an essential part of human ecosystems being involved in the normal development of the immune system and for the maintenance of healthy tissues and physiological processes. More and more frequently patterns of fungal species are associated to immune disorders and increasing evidences are accumulating of the importance to study the co-occurrence of fungal flora and its microbial counterpart to understand the cross-talk between opportunistic fungi and the mammalian host. Here we critically analyze the studies investigating thefungal communities inhabiting ourbody, addressing at what extent the selection of the approaches and the molecular markers used determine the results obtained.

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“…In the early stages of development, dental biofilm comprises predominantly oral streptococci and actinomyces, and usually exists in commensal harmony with the host. However, later population shifts lead to overrepresentation of acidophiles, such as Lactobacilli species or of Gram negative obligate anaerobes in subgingival plaque, which, respectively, contribute to the onset and progression of the dental caries and periodontal diseases [5]- [7]. Thus, dental biofilm control represents a basic procedure to prevent these oral diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Effect of Aqueous Extracts and Bioactive Chemical Compounds of <i>Coffea canephora</i> against Microorganisms Involved in Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease

Silva¹,

Iório²,

Lobo³

et al. 2014

AiM

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How to cite this paper: da Silva, F. M., et al. (2014) F. M. da Silva et al. 979(MIC = 2.56 to 1.28 mg/mL). Also, Tg showed bactericide properties against SP (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL), PG (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL), FN (MBC = 10.24 mg/mL), PN (MBC = 5.12 mg/mL), and PI (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL). Although 5-CQA has previously shown activity against Streptococcus mutans, in the present study, it showed no activity against all tested microorganisms. C. canephora extract only showed antibacterial activity against cariogenic microorganisms, not presenting action against periodontal pathogens. It was concluded that trigonelline presented the best effect against all pathogens tested, therefore coffee extracts with higher trigonelline content should be tested against these specific pathogens.

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Oral microbial communities in sickness and in health

Cited by 510 publications

References 59 publications

Metagenomic detection of phage-encoded platelet-binding factors in the human oral cavity

Metagenomic detection of phage-encoded platelet-binding factors in the human oral cavity

Mycobiota: Micro-Eukaryotes Inhabiting Our Body as Commensals or Opportunistic Pathogens

Antibacterial Effect of Aqueous Extracts and Bioactive Chemical Compounds of <i>Coffea canephora</i> against Microorganisms Involved in Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease

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Oral microbial communities in sickness and in health

Cited by 510 publications

References 59 publications

Metagenomic detection of phage-encoded platelet-binding factors in the human oral cavity

Metagenomic detection of phage-encoded platelet-binding factors in the human oral cavity

Mycobiota: Micro-Eukaryotes Inhabiting Our Body as Commensals or Opportunistic Pathogens

Antibacterial Effect of Aqueous Extracts and Bioactive Chemical Compounds of &lt;i&gt;Coffea canephora&lt;/i&gt; against Microorganisms Involved in Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease

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Antibacterial Effect of Aqueous Extracts and Bioactive Chemical Compounds of <i>Coffea canephora</i> against Microorganisms Involved in Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease