Oral Microbiota: The Influences and Interactions of Saliva, IgA, and Dietary Factors in Health and Disease

Nagakubo, Daisuke; Kaibori, Yuichiro

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11092307

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…On the other hand, there is increasing supporting evidence that many chronic illnesses are associated with disturbances in the oral ecosystem, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and tumours [72]. Drugs prescribed for these systemic diseases also affect the oral microbiota and nutrient intake [31,73]. The impact of probiotics as well as of bacteria colonising food does not reside in their ability to graft in the microbiota but rather in sharing genes and metabolites, supporting the challenged microbiome, and directly influencing epithelial and immune cells all over the body and in the oral cavity.…”

Section: Host-drug-oral Microbiota-nutrient Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Drug–Nutrient Interactions and Dental Decay in Older Adults

Bell,

Rodrigues,

Antoniadou

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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In recent decades, the global demographic landscape has undergone a discernible shift that has been characterised by a progressive increase in the proportion of elderly individuals, indicative of an enduring global inclination toward extended lifespans. The aging process, accompanied by physiological changes and dietary patterns, contributes to detrimental deviations in micronutrient consumption. This vulnerable aging population faces heightened risks, including dental caries, due to structural and functional modifications resulting from insufficient nutritional sustenance. Factors such as physiological changes, inadequate nutrition, and the prevalence of multiple chronic pathologies leading to polypharmacy contribute to the challenge of maintaining an optimal nutritional status. This scenario increases the likelihood of drug interactions, both between medications and with nutrients and the microbiome, triggering complications such as dental decay and other pathologies. Since the drug industry is evolving and new types of food, supplements, and nutrients are being designed, there is a need for further research on the mechanisms by which drugs interfere with certain nutrients that affect homeostasis, exemplified by the prevalence of caries in the mouths of older adults. Infectious diseases, among them dental caries, exert serious impacts on the health and overall quality of life of the elderly demographic. This comprehensive review endeavours to elucidate the intricate interplay among drugs, nutrients, the microbiome, and the oral cavity environment, with the overarching objective of mitigating the potential hazards posed to both the general health and dental well-being of older adults. By scrutinising and optimising these multifaceted interactions, this examination aims to proactively minimise the susceptibility of the elderly population to a spectrum of health-related issues and the consequences associated with dental decay.

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Section: Host-drug-oral Microbiota-nutrient Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Drug–Nutrient Interactions and Dental Decay in Older Adults

Bell,

Rodrigues,

Antoniadou

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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“…Saliva and various salivary factors influence the oral cavity environment [ 8 ]. Saliva is a cleaning fluid in the oral cavity, contributes to keeping the oral environment clean by washing away food debris in the oral cavity, and protects the teeth and oral mucosa from physical and chemical damage [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A typical example is the antibacterial protein, lysozyme, which breaks down the cell walls of pathogenic bacteria and prevents their growth [ 11 ]. Other proteins, such as agglutinins, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase [ 8 ], and the salivary extracellular chaperone HSP70/HSPA protein family [ 12 ], also have antibacterial effects. Furthermore, secretory IgA, an immunoglobulin in the saliva, also plays a crucial role in coagulating bacteria and preventing them from adhering to the oral mucosa [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCL28: A Promising Biomarker for Assessing Salivary Gland Functionality and Maintaining Healthy Oral Environments

Kaibori,

Tamoto,

Okuda

et al. 2024

Biology

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The oral cavity serves as the primary path through which substances from the outside world enter our body. Therefore, it functions as a critical component of host defense. Saliva is essential for maintaining a stable oral environment by catching harmful agents, including pathogens, allergens, and chemicals, in the air or food. CCL28, highly expressed in mucosal tissues, such as the colon and salivary glands, is a chemokine that attracts CCR10/CCR3 expressing cells. However, the role of CCL28 in salivary gland formation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the salivary gland structure in CCL28-deficient mice. Histological analysis showed decreased staining intensity of Alcian blue, which detects acidic mucous, reduced expression of MUC2, and higher infiltration of gram-positive bacteria in the salivary glands of CCL28-deficient mice. In addition, CCL28-deficient mice contained ectopically MUC2-expressed cells in the ducts and reduced the expression of cytokeratin 18, a marker for ductal cells, within the submandibular glands, resulting in decreased duct numbers. Additionally, the submandibular glands of CCL28-deficient mice showed reduced expression of several stem cell markers. These results suggest that CCL28 regulates saliva production via proper differentiation of salivary gland stem cells and could be a valuable biomarker of salivary gland function.

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“…The HOMD includes 619 taxa in 13 phyla, as follows: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae, Chloroflexi, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, SR1, Synergistetes, Tenericutes, and Saccharibacteria (TM7) [ 20 ]. Furthermore, the major bacterial genera in the healthy rima oris are depicted in Table 1 [ 21 - 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Periodontitis: A Bidirectional Relationship

Vegda,

Patel,

Girdhar

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and periodontitis share common risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia, which contribute to systemic inflammation. It has been suggested that a bidirectional relationship exists between NAFLD and periodontitis, indicating that one condition may exacerbate the other. NAFLD is characterized by excessive fat deposition in the liver and is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. There are several risk factors for the development of NAFLD, including gender, geriatric community, race, ethnicity, poor sleep quality and sleep deprivation, physical activity, nutritional status, dysbiosis gut microbiota, increased oxidative stress, overweight, obesity, higher body mass index (BMI), IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia), and sarcopenia (decreased skeletal muscle mass). This systemic inflammation can contribute to the progression of periodontitis by impairing immune responses and exacerbating the inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues. Furthermore, individuals with NAFLD often exhibit altered lipid metabolism, which may affect oral microbiota composition, leading to dysbiosis and increased susceptibility to periodontal disease. Conversely, periodontitis has been linked to the progression of NAFLD through mechanisms involving systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Chronic periodontal inflammation can release pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial toxins into the bloodstream, contributing to liver inflammation and exacerbating hepatic steatosis. Moreover, periodontitis-induced oxidative stress may promote hepatic lipid accumulation and IR, further aggravating NAFLD. The interplay between NAFLD and periodontitis underscores the importance of comprehensive management strategies targeting both conditions. Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and proper oral hygiene practices are crucial for preventing and managing these interconnected diseases. Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration between hepatologists and periodontists is essential for optimizing patient care and improving outcomes in individuals with NAFLD and periodontitis.

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Oral Microbiota: The Influences and Interactions of Saliva, IgA, and Dietary Factors in Health and Disease

Cited by 13 publications

References 150 publications

An Update on Drug–Nutrient Interactions and Dental Decay in Older Adults

An Update on Drug–Nutrient Interactions and Dental Decay in Older Adults

CCL28: A Promising Biomarker for Assessing Salivary Gland Functionality and Maintaining Healthy Oral Environments

Role of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Periodontitis: A Bidirectional Relationship

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