Oral mucosal lesions in elderly dental patients in Sana′a, Yemen

Abstract

Objectives:With aging, the oral mucosa becomes more susceptible to external stimuli. The aims of this study were to obtain baseline data on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in a population of elderly Yemeni patients and to investigate differences in the presentation of these findings in relation to age, gender, education level, and the wearing of dentures.Patients and Methods:The prevalence of OMLs was assessed by clinical examination of a sample of 310 elderly Yemeni patients aged 60 years and older. A single examiner performed detailed oral examinations of the oral cavity according to international criteria and the World Health Organization codes.Results:The overall prevalence of OMLs was 77.1%, with a significant difference (P < 0.05) between men (80.3%) and women (69.6%). The prevalence rate of OMLs indicated a significant decrease with advancing age. The most frequently observed lesions were fissured tongue (34.2%), benign tumors (17.1%), hairy tongue (16.5%), and qat-induced white lesions (12.6%). Hairy tongue, qat-induced white lesions, and shammah keratosis were associated with men (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively), whereas geographic tongue was associated with women (P < 0.05). The presence of one or more lesions was significantly associated with low education level (P < 0.05). Certain OMLs showed a significant association with smoking and qat chewing (P < 0.05). No association was found between the occurrence of OMLs and denture wearing (P > 0.05).Conclusions:The present study has shown a high prevalence of oral lesions among Yemeni elders.

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“…2,10,11 Females had chewing habits more than smoking. Habitual betel and areca nut chewers had more prevalence (46%) of oral submucous fibrosis compared to others.…”

“…2 Various oral carcinogens including smoking, alcohol, other forms of tobacco and habits of chewing betel quid or areca nut have been found as etiological factors for oral precancerous and cancerous lesions. 2,3 Cancers are the increasing cause of mortality in patients with oral mucosal lesions. It can be seen on the lip, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, palate as well as on the tongue.…”

“…1 As per WHO definition, a population aging more than 60 years old should be considered to be an elderly population. 2 In the aging individual, the systemic comorbidities and concurrent medications can cause decline in the protective function which could expose the oral mucosa to a variety of pathogens and chemicals. Aging can cause atrophic changes like thinning of oral epithelium and reduction in collagen synthesis which leads to impaired tissue regeneration and disease resistance.…”

“…3 Reduced salivary gland function in aging, can predispose to infections of oral mucosa, commonly oral candidiasis. 2,3 Dermatologic diseases have got special attention in oral medicine as oral mucosal lesion (OML) can be the primary clinical feature or sometimes the only sign for various mucocutaneous diseases. 4 Since there is a paucity of literature in various studies about oral mucosal lesions in the Indian geriatric population, the present study aimed to document the clinical types of oral mucosal lesions in geriatric population and also to study their distribution with possible etiological factors which will be valuable in planning future oral health studies.…”

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“…A mucosa bucal, não raro, é susceptível a vários traumas de origem externa ou interna, causados por diferentes agentes físicos, químicos e biológicos 1,2 . Como resultado dessa agressão instala-se uma reação inflamatória, desencadeando os sinais e sintomas decorrentes desse processo tais como: calor, rubor, tumor, dor e, muitas vezes, perda da função 2 .…”