Oral plasmablastic lymphoma as the first manifestation of AIDS

Abstract

Plasmablastic lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by its plasmacytic differentiation and predilection for the oral cavity. It is among the lymphomas most commonly associated with AIDS. This report details a case of a HIV-positive patient with a 1-month history of an exophytic mass in the gingival area of the upper left quadrant. The diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma was made based on its histopathological and immunophenotypical features. She was treated with chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Despite complete resolution of the lesion, the patient died of cardiorespiratory arrest. This case illustrates plasmablastic lymphoma as the first clinical manifestation of AIDS, highlighting the importance of differentiating between a potentially malignant lesion and other pathologic processes.

Plasmablastic lymphoma as a manifestation of the human immunodeficiency virus: Case report

“…The 5-year survival rate does not exceed 33.5%, and the presence of EBV, symptoms and the use of chemotherapy can help this poor prognosis (2). Finally, PBL can be the first clinical manifestation of HIV infection, for this reason we must be vigilant to make an accurate and early clinical diagnosis, being able to differentiate a potentially malignant lesion from other types of oral pathology (15).…”

Perfil clínico e epidemiológico das alterações bucais em portadores do HIV

“…Quanto à prevalência de lesões bucais relacionadas com o HIV observou-se prevalência significativamente maior nas mulheres do que em homens, sendo a candidíase bucal a lesão mais comumente observada nesse grupo 16,17 . No que diz respeito à leucoplasia pilosa aparece em maior número nos homens fumantes, mostrando que as manifestações bucais variam em prevalência em se tratando de sexo, sugerindo as diferenças no estilo de vida desses dois grupos 16,17 .…”

Non-Hodgkin’s Plasmablastic Lymphoma as Initial Presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

“…Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a non-Hodgkin variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that predominantly occurs in immunocompromised patients, with 80% of those cases diagnosed in AIDS patients. 1 Initial clinical presentation is that of a painful, intraoral proliferative, exophytic mass with associated lymphadenopathy in the submandibular and/or cervical region. 1 Despite the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in improving survival in AIDS patients, opportunistic infections and AIDS-associated malignancies remain the major cause of mortality.…”

“… 1 Initial clinical presentation is that of a painful, intraoral proliferative, exophytic mass with associated lymphadenopathy in the submandibular and/or cervical region. 1 Despite the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy in improving survival in AIDS patients, opportunistic infections and AIDS-associated malignancies remain the major cause of mortality. 2 Natural progression of PBL involves an oral, rapidly growing mass to extra-oral dissemination leading to death in 6 months.…”