Oral polio revaccination is associated with changes in gut and upper respiratory microbiomes of infants

Medeiros, Márcia Melo; Ingham, Anna Cäcilia; Nanque, Line M; Correia, Claudino; Stegger, Marc; Andersen, Paal Skytt; Fisker, Ane Bærent; Benn, Christine Stabell; Lanaspa, Miguel; Silveira, Henrique; Abrantes, Patrícia

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1016220

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

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“…[23][24][25][26] Only one study has investigated this in children and found that the administration of oral poliomyelitis vaccination was associated with an increase in the abundance of Prevotellaceae and a decrease in the abundance of potentially pathogenic genera such as Escherichia/Shigella in the intestinal microbiome of infants. 27 No study has investigated the influence of a parenteral vaccine on the composition of the intestinal microbiome in children.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome in Neonates From the MIS BAIR Trial

Zimmermann,

Pittet,

Jakob

et al. 2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Introduction: The early-life intestinal microbiome plays an important role in the development and regulation of the immune system. It is unknown whether the administration of vaccines influences the composition of the intestinal microbiome. Objective: To investigate whether Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine given in the first few days of life influences the abundance of bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways in the intestinal microbiome at 1 week of age. Methods: Healthy, term-born neonates were randomized at birth to receive BCG or no vaccine within the first few days of life. Stool samples were collected at 1 week of age from 335 neonates and analyzed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and functional analyses. Results: The composition of the intestinal microbiome was different between neonates born by cesarean section (CS) and those born vaginally. Differences in the composition between BCG-vaccinated and BCG-naïve neonates were only minimal. CS-born BCG-vaccinated neonates had a higher abundance of Staphylococcus lugdunensis compared with CS-born BCG-naïve neonates. The latter had a higher abundance of Streptococcus infantis and Trabulsiella guamensis. Vaginally-born BCG-vaccinated neonates had a higher abundance of Clostridiaceae and Streptococcus parasanguinis compared with vaginally-born BCG-naïve neonates, and a lower abundance of Veillonella atypica and Butyricimonas faecalis. Metabolic pathways that were differently abundant between BCG-vaccinated and BCG-naïve neonates were mainly those involved in sugar degradation and nucleotide/nucleoside biosynthesis. Conclusion: BCG given in the first few days of life has little effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiome at 1 week of age but does influence the abundance of certain metabolic pathways.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome in Neonates From the MIS BAIR Trial

Zimmermann,

Pittet,

Jakob

et al. 2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Sex-Differential and Non-specific Effects of Vaccines Over the Life Course

St. Clair,

Chaulagain,

Klein

et al. 2023

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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A Risk Management Approach to Global Pandemics of Infectious Disease and Anti-Microbial Resistance

Sparrow,

Smith-Torino,

Shamamba

et al. 2024

TropicalMed

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Pandemics of infectious disease and growing anti-microbial resistance (AMR) pose major threats to global health, trade, and security. Conflict and climate change compound and accelerate these threats. The One Health approach recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, but is grounded in the biomedical model, which reduces health to the absence of disease. Biomedical responses are insufficient to meet the challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic is the most recent example of the failure of this biomedical model to address global threats, the limitations of laboratory-based surveillance, and the exclusive focus on vaccination for disease control. This paper examines the current paradigm through the lens of polio and the global campaign to eradicate it, as well as other infectious threats including mpox and drug-resistant tuberculosis, particularly in the context of armed conflict. Decades before vaccines became widely available, public health measures—ventilation, chlorination, nutrition and sanitation— led to longer, healthier, and even taller lives. Chlorine, our primary tool of public health, conquered cholera and transformed infection control in hospitals. The World Health Organization (WHO), part of the One Health alliance, focuses mainly on antibiotics and vaccines to reduce deaths due to superbugs and largely ignores the critical role of chlorine to control water-borne diseases (including polio) and other infections. Moreover, the One Health approach ignores armed conflict. Contemporary wars are characterized by indiscriminate bombing of civilians, attacks targeting healthcare, mass displacement and lack of humanitarian access, conditions which drive polio outbreaks and incubate superbugs. We discuss the growing trend of attacks on healthcare and differentiate between types: community-driven attacks targeting vaccinators in regions like Pakistan, and state-sponsored attacks by governments such as those of Syria and Russia that weaponize healthcare to deliberately harm whole populations. Both fuel outbreaks of disease. These distinct motivations necessitate tailored responses, yet the WHO aggregates these attacks in a manner that hampers effective intervention. While antimicrobial resistance is predictable, the escalating pandemic is the consequence of our reliance on antibiotics and commitment to a biomedical model that now borders on pathological. Our analysis reveals the international indenture to the biomedical model as the basis of disease control is the root driver of AMR and vaccine-derived polio. The unique power of vaccines is reduced by vaccination-only strategy, and in fact breeds vaccine-derived polio. The non-specific effects of vaccines must be leveraged, and universal vaccination must be supplement by international investment in water chlorination will reduce health costs and strengthen global health security. While vaccines are an important weapon to combat pandemics and AMR,, they must be accompanied by the entire arsenal of public health interventions.

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Oral polio revaccination is associated with changes in gut and upper respiratory microbiomes of infants

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

The Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome in Neonates From the MIS BAIR Trial

The Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Vaccination on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome in Neonates From the MIS BAIR Trial

Sex-Differential and Non-specific Effects of Vaccines Over the Life Course

A Risk Management Approach to Global Pandemics of Infectious Disease and Anti-Microbial Resistance

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