Oral Polio Vaccination of Children in the Tropics: I. The Poor Seroconversion Rates and the Absence of Viral Interference

John, Thomas; Jayabal, Panneerselvam

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121457

Cited by 144 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…This fact has been confirmed in this study carried out in Accra, the Capital of Ghana, too. The overall rate of enterovirus isolation obtained in this study was similar to that obtained among healthy children in Ibadan, Nigeria [13,20,21], and was higher than the results in Bangui, Central Africa [8] and Yaundi, Cameroon [4], but was lower than those of India [9] and other countries [11,23]. It was suggested from the results of virus identification that many types of enteroviruses were circulating in the study popula tion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Ecology of Enteroviruses in Tropics

Otatume

Addy

1975

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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A continuing surveillance on enterovirus infection in healthy infants was conducted from October 1971 through February 1973 in urban areas in Ghana, West Africa. About 40 infants were visitedin every two months for collection of faecal specimens and examined for infection. Enteroviruses were re covered in tissue culture. The overall isolation rate of enteroviruses was approximately 44%, and there was no seasonal difference between rainy and dry seasons. The rate of virus isolation in urban areas was significantly higher than in rural areas. Within the urban areas, however, no difference in therate of virus isolation was detected between densely populated and sparsely populated areas. The results of virus identification revealed that all three types of Poliovirus, many types of Echovirus and afew Coxsackieviruses were isolated during the course of the study. It was observed that improvement ofsanitary facilities decreased the frequency of virus infection among infants, but the condition of watersupply did not influence the virus infection rate. Neither the age of infants nor the size of sibling sshowed any relation to the virus isolation rate. It was suggested from the results that many types of enteroviruses have been circulating continuously in the tropical urban community throughout the year.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Ecology of Enteroviruses in Tropics

Otatume

Addy

1975

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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“…Having demonstrated the proof in principle that Salmonella strains carrying mutations in guaBA and clpPX can protect (33,34,48). However, the excellent immunogenicity in preschool children and the long-lived protection achieved with oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a in school-age children suggest that live oral Salmonella vaccines may constitute an exception (10,40,47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering and Preclinical Evaluation of Attenuated Nontyphoidal Salmonella Strains Serving as Live Oral Vaccines and as Reagent Strains

et al. 2011

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While nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) has long been recognized as a cause of self-limited gastroenteritis, it is becoming increasingly evident that multiple-antibiotic-resistant strains are also emerging as important causes of invasive bacteremia and focal infections, resulting in hospitalizations and deaths. We have constructed attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strains that can serve as live oral vaccines and as "reagent strains" for subunit vaccine production in a safe and economical manner. An unexpected consequence of systematic blood and body fluid (cerebrospinal fluid, etc.) culture-based surveillance for invasive bacterial infections in sub-Saharan Africa was the discovery that in infants and toddlers in multiple geographic sites, nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections rivaled Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in their frequency and severity (7,8,23,32,35,39,43,46,51,60). Incidence rates of 200 to 350 cases of invasive NTS infections/10 5 infections in infants and toddlers were recorded, and it was found that the majority of invasive NTS strains were resistant to multiple clinically relevant antibiotics and had high case fatality rates (typically between 20 and 30%) (8,23,35,43).

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“…7, Live oral vaccines, including those for rotavirus, have had poor performance in developing country settings. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Although the reasons for this lower performance are…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine introduction on hospital admissions for diarrhoea and rotavirus in children in Rwanda: a time-series analysis

Ngabo

Tate

Gatera

et al. 2016

The Lancet Global Health

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SummaryBackground In May, 2012, Rwanda became the fi rst low-income African country to introduce pentavalent rotavirus vaccine into its routine national immunisation programme. Although the potential health benefi ts of rotavirus vaccination are huge in low-income African countries that account for more than half the global deaths from rotavirus, concerns remain about the performance of oral rotavirus vaccines in these challenging settings.

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Oral Polio Vaccination of Children in the Tropics: I. The Poor Seroconversion Rates and the Absence of Viral Interference

Cited by 144 publications

References 0 publications

Ecology of Enteroviruses in Tropics

Ecology of Enteroviruses in Tropics

Engineering and Preclinical Evaluation of Attenuated Nontyphoidal Salmonella Strains Serving as Live Oral Vaccines and as Reagent Strains

Effect of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine introduction on hospital admissions for diarrhoea and rotavirus in children in Rwanda: a time-series analysis

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