Oral polio vaccine. Effect of booster vaccination one to 14 years after primary series

Bass, James W.; Halstead, Scott B.; Fischer, Gerald W.; Podgore, John K.; Wiebe, Robert A.

doi:10.1001/jama.239.21.2252

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…So, as expected, GMT values for poliovirus type 2 were always higher than those for poliovirus type 1 and both were higher than those for poliovirus type 3, when calculated by age group (Table 2). Studies conducted in the United States (1,8,13), Oman (17), Italy (2,6,12,(18)(19)(20), Finland (5), Israel (3), and South Africa (15) on antibody titers in OPV recipients monitored long-term concur with our results, demonstrating a decline in immunity and antibody geometric mean values. Overall, those surveys reported that the decline in immunity and GMT of neutralizing antibodies is related to intervals since the last OPV vaccination and not to gender, race, age at primary vaccination, or number of previous administrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Long-Lasting Poliovirus-Neutralizing Antibodies among Argentinean Population Immunized with Four Or Five Oral Polio Vaccine Doses 1 Month to 19 Years Previously

Nates

Martı́nez²,

Barril³

et al. 2007

Viral Immunology

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The persistence of poliovirus-neutralizing antibodies was investigated in 297 individuals residing in Argentina who had completed the vaccination cycle with four or five oral polio vaccine (OPV) doses 1 mo to 19 yr before this study. Seropositivity for the three polio types in individuals who had received four OPV doses remained high and stable, showing rates not less than 94.6, 98.2, and 91.1% for types 1, 2, and 3, respectively, for a period of at least 6 yr. Almost identical rates were found in children who completed a vaccination schedule of five OPV doses 1 to 2 yr earlier. However, humoral immunity to poliovirus types 3 and 1 declined significantly 9 and 17 yr, respectively, after the booster dose had been administered; in contrast, type 2 immunity remained fairly stable during the 19-yr study period. Overall, geometric mean titer values for poliovirus types 1 and 2 were higher than those for poliovirus type 3. This is likely a result of low initial poliovirus type 3 antibody titers that eventually fell below the limits of detection at later time points. The results indicate that although antibody titers primed by OPV decline over time, they are remarkably long-lived, immunity to poliovirus types 1 and 2 being more prevalent than that against type 3 at late intervals postvaccination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Long-Lasting Poliovirus-Neutralizing Antibodies among Argentinean Population Immunized with Four Or Five Oral Polio Vaccine Doses 1 Month to 19 Years Previously

Nates

Martı́nez²,

Barril³

et al. 2007

Viral Immunology

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“…Although polio immunity against paralysis does not wane substantially, immunity affecting susceptibility to infection and contagiousness does. Evidence of increasing susceptibility with waning immunity comes from antibody patterns (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) and the relationships between antibody levels and protection against infection (17,18). Evidence of increasing contagiousness with waning immunity comes from the following: 1) an oral polio vaccine (OPV) challenge study demonstrating that persons with prior wild poliovirus (WPV) infection 40-50 years earlier excrete as much virus as completely susceptible persons (2); 2) an OPV challenge study in elderly populations demonstrating the association of excretion among previously vaccinated adults with antibody levels (19); and 3) recently immunized children who excreted significant quantities of WPV (20,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Successes and Shortcomings of Polio Eradication: A Transmission Modeling Analysis

Mayer¹,

Eisenberg²,

Henry³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Epidemiology

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Polio eradication is on the cusp of success, with only a few regions still maintaining transmission. Improving our understanding of why some regions have been successful and others have not will help with both global eradication of polio and development of more effective vaccination strategies for other pathogens. To examine the past 25 years of eradication efforts, we constructed a transmission model for wild poliovirus that incorporates waning immunity (which affects both infection risk and transmissibility of any resulting infection), age-mediated vaccination rates, and transmission of oral polio vaccine. The model produces results consistent with the 4 country categories defined by the Global Polio Eradication Program: elimination with no subsequent outbreaks; elimination with subsequent transient outbreaks; elimination with subsequent outbreaks and transmission detected for more than 12 months; and endemic polio transmission. Analysis of waning immunity rates and oral polio vaccine transmissibility reveals that higher waning immunity rates make eradication more difficult because of increasing numbers of infectious adults, and that higher oral polio vaccine transmission rates make eradication easier as adults become reimmunized. Given these dynamic properties, attention should be given to intervention strategies that complement childhood vaccination. For example, improvement in sanitation can reduce the reproduction number in problematic regions, and adult vaccination can lower adult transmission.

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“…The waning of the antibody level with live polio vaccine is directly related to the time when the last dose of vaccine was given and not to the number of doses administered. 2 After the termination of the live vaccine era in Germany and the change to inactivated vaccine, the prevalence of type 3 antibody declined from 78% in 1990-1992 to 68% in 1997. Among children aged 5-14 years, the decline was from 74% in 1990 to 47% in 1997.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lymphoma patients undergoing high-dose therapy and ABMT, and EBMJ guidelines

Sc¹

2002

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Oral polio vaccine. Effect of booster vaccination one to 14 years after primary series

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Long-Lasting Poliovirus-Neutralizing Antibodies among Argentinean Population Immunized with Four Or Five Oral Polio Vaccine Doses 1 Month to 19 Years Previously

Long-Lasting Poliovirus-Neutralizing Antibodies among Argentinean Population Immunized with Four Or Five Oral Polio Vaccine Doses 1 Month to 19 Years Previously

Successes and Shortcomings of Polio Eradication: A Transmission Modeling Analysis

Lymphoma patients undergoing high-dose therapy and ABMT, and EBMJ guidelines

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