Oral Port Constriction and Pressure-Airflow Relationships during Sibilant Productions

The effect of speaking rate on velopharyngeal function in healthy speakers

“…The effect of speaking rate on intraoral pressure is important to examine as this measure has been viewed as a controlled parameter in speech (Kim, Zajac, Warren, Mayo, & Essick, 1997;Klechak, Bradley, & Warren, 1976;Putnam, Shelton, & Kastner, 1986;Warren, Hall, & Davis, 1981;Warren, 1982;Warren, 1986;Warren, Morr, Rochet, & Dalston, 1989). Based on the increased oral airflows observed at greater VP port openings in normal speakers and in those with open bite, Warren hypothesized that respiratory adjustments serve to maintain adequate levels of intraoral pressure during speech (Klechak et al, 1976;Warren et al, 1981;Warren, 1982).…”

“…Based on the increased oral airflows observed at greater VP port openings in normal speakers and in those with open bite, Warren hypothesized that respiratory adjustments serve to maintain adequate levels of intraoral pressure during speech (Klechak et al, 1976;Warren et al, 1981;Warren, 1982). This was supported by the observed increase in respiratory effort in healthy speakers with perturbed speech conditions designed to mimic VP inadequacy ) and in individuals with cleft palate (Warren, 1986).…”

“…Changes in VP orifice area in a nasal context might elicit responses in respiratory effort which would serve to maintain stable levels of intraoral pressure (Klechak et al, 1976;Warren et al, 1981;Warren, 1982). Thus, nasal airflow was expected to increase if VP orifice area increased and decrease if VP orifice area decreased whereas intraoral pressure was expected to remain stable across speaking rate conditions for both nasal and oral consonants.…”

Fraca pressão aérea intraoral na fala após correção cirúrgica da fissura palatina

“…The nasal air emission arises from exhaust airflow into the nasal cavity during speech production, which can be presented audibly or non-audibly, the former being more detrimental to speech intelligibility since it may be perceived by the listener 2,7,10,12,13 . The maintenance of expiratory flow and changes in resistance along the vocal tract result in adequate levels of intraoral air pressure during the production of consonant sounds 14,15 . Weak intraoral air pressure reduces the air pressure maintained in the oral cavity that ensures the proper production of oral speech sounds, thereby reducing the traces of the phoneme discrimination and impairing speech intelligibility.…”

Physiologic and Perceptual Effects of Induced Anterior Open Bite

“…In recent reports Warren et al [1980Warren et al [ . 1981 have suggested that, under conditions of induced open bite or open bite malocclu sion.…”