Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinico-pathological features in relation to Tumor Stage; AJCC 2018 perspective

Khan, Nauman Rauf; Naseem, Nadia; Riaz, Nabeela; Anjum, Rabia; Khalid, Sofia; Iqbal, Asifa; Chaudhry, Saima

doi:10.12669/pjms.39.2.7266

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“…Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been ranked as the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, with approximately 650,000 new cancer diagnoses and 330,000 deaths worldwide per year [2]. Over 90% of the oral and oropharyngeal malignancies are SCC [3]. It is a potentially fatal disease with a high mortality rate and a fiveyear survival rate of 50%, which decreases further in the presence of nodal metastasis to 20-36% [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological Parameters Predicting Nodal Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Hashmi¹,

Tola²,

Rashid³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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IntroductionSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type of malignancy of the head and neck region arising from the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity and oropharynx. It is a multifactorial disease with a high rate of mortality. Lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic parameter associated with adverse prognosis. This study was conducted to establish a relationship between various clinicopathological characteristics and nodal metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 306 biopsy-proven cases of HNSCC were included in the study. Clinical data, which included age, sex, and site of the lesion, were obtained from the clinical referral forms. Resections of the lesions were performed, and the specimens collected were sent to the laboratory for histological evaluation. The histological subtype, perineural invasion (PNI), depth of invasion (DOI), nodal metastasis, and extranodal extension were assessed, and the association of clinicopathological parameters with nodal metastasis was sought. ResultsThe mean age at diagnosis was 50.26 ± 12.86 years with a female predominance (55.27%), and the mean tumor size was 3.37 ± 1.75 cm. The mean DOI was 1.08 ± 0.67 cm. The most common site of tumor was found to be the oral cavity (68.6%), followed by the tongue (24.2%). Keratinizing SCC (59.5%) was found to be the most prevalent histological subtype. At the time of diagnosis, the majority of the tumors were grade 2 (62.4%). PNI was present in 12.1% of the cases. Nodal metastasis was present in 44.8%, and extranodal extension was present in 17% of the cases. A significant association of nodal metastasis was noted with age, gender, tumor site, tumor size, and DOI. Male patients with HNSCC showed a higher frequency of nodal metastasis than female patients. Patients between the ages of 31 and 50 years with a tumor size of above 4 cm and a DOI of more than 1 cm had a higher frequency of nodal metastasis. Similarly, tumors arising in the oral cavity and the keratinizing subtype were more likely to possess nodal metastasis. ConclusionWe found that HNSCCs were more prevalent among the female population, with the most common site being the oral cavity. Nodal metastasis was significantly associated with the keratinizing subtype of SCC, oral cavity location, male gender, and middle age group. Similarly, the tumor size and DOI were important predictors of nodal metastasis in HNSCC in our study.

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