Oral toxicity of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in male Swiss albino mice: Determination of no observed adverse effect level for deriving a drinking water guideline value

Humpage, Andrew R.; Falconer, Ian R.

doi:10.1002/tox.10104

Cited by 226 publications

(172 citation statements)

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“…Mutagenicity of CYN was proven in vitro and strong evidence exists for its in vivo carcinogenicity (Humpage et al, 2000;Falconer and Humpage, 2001;Shen et al, 2002). Based on its toxicological characteristics a guideline value of 1 g/L CYN in drinking water has been proposed (Humpage and Falconer, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in northeast Germany

Fastner

Rücker

Stüken

et al. 2007

Environmental Toxicology

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ABSTRACT:The frequent occurrence of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in the (sub)-tropics has been largely associated with cyanobacteria of the order Nostocales of tropical origin, in particular Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. C. raciborskii is currently observed to spread northwards into temperate climatic zones. In addition, further cyanobacteria of the order Nostocales typically inhabiting water bodies in temperate regions are being identified as CYN-producers. Therefore, data on the distribution of CYN in temperate regions are necessary for a first assessment of potential risks due to CYN in water used for drinking and recreation. A total of 127 lakes situated in the north-eastern part of Germany were investigated in 2004 for the presence of the toxin CYN and the phytoplankton composition. The toxin could be detected in half of the lakes (n ¼ 63) and in half of 165 samples (n ¼ 88). Concentrations reached up to 73.2 g CYN/g DW. CYN thus proved more widely distributed than previously demonstrated. The analyses of phytoplankton data suggest Aphanizomenon sp. and Anabaena sp. as important CYN producers in Germany, and confirm recent findings of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae as CYN-producing species frequently inhabiting water bodies in temperate climatic regions. The data shown here suggest that CYN may be an important cyanobacterial toxin in German water bodies and that further data are needed to assess this. # 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 26-32, 2007.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in northeast Germany

Fastner

Rücker

Stüken

et al. 2007

Environmental Toxicology

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“…ROS production accompanied with a reduction in reduced glutathione is problematic since glutathione has a central role in protection against ROS [247]. However, Humpage et al [248] report that malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, did not increase in the presence of cylindrospermopsin, suggesting that ROS may not be the mediator of cylindrospermopsin cytotoxicity. They also show that cylindrospermopsin, rather than phase 1 products of cylindrospermopsin metabolism by P450, is the primary acutely acting cytotoxin and not cylindrospermopsin breakdown products.…”

Section: Cylindrospermopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…per day was indicated by Humpage and Falconer [248] [255] suggesting a maximum acceptable concentration for drinking water of 1 µg/L. In this study, two experiments were carried out, but only the second experiment used purified toxin.…”

Section: Cylindrospermopsinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyanobacterial Toxins of the Laurentian Great Lakes, their Toxicological Effects, and Numerical Limits in Drinking Water

Miller

Beversdorf

Weirich

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous phototrophic bacteria that inhabit diverse environments across the planet. They dominate many eutrophic lakes impacted by excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) forming dense accumulations of biomass known as cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms or cyanoHABs. Their dominance in eutrophic lakes is attributed to a variety of unique adaptations including N and P concentrating mechanisms, N fixation, colony formation that inhibits predation, vertical movement via gas vesicles, and the production of toxic or otherwise bioactive molecules. While some of these molecules have been explored for their medicinal benefits, others are potent toxins harmful to humans, animals, and other wildlife known as cyanotoxins. In humans these cyanotoxins affect various tissues, including the liver, central and peripheral nervous system, kidneys, and reproductive organs among others. They induce acute effects at low doses in the parts-per-billion range and some are tumor promoters linked to chronic diseases such as liver and colorectal cancer. The occurrence of cyanoHABs and cyanotoxins in lakes presents challenges for maintaining safe recreational aquatic environments and the production of potable drinking water. CyanoHABs are a growing problem in the North American (Laurentian) Great Lakes basin. This review summarizes information on the occurrence of cyanoHABs in the Great Lakes, toxicological effects of cyanotoxins, and appropriate numerical limits on cyanotoxins in finished drinking water.

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“…Microcystin is the most commonly synthesized toxin produced by toxin producing cyanobacteria species of Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Planktothrix and Phormidium with around 80 variants characterized to date [6], [7] methods for toxin analysis. However, ELISA only gives a summation of microcystin-type toxicity, depending on the antibodies employed in the kits [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Microcystin Extraction for Their Subsequent Analysis by HPLC-MS/MS Method in Urban Lake Water

Qu¹,

Zhang²,

Jia³

et al. 2013

IJESD

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Abstract-This paper represents to propose an effective extraction procedure for traditional toxin determination techniques in urban lake. Efficiency of each extraction solvent as well as other key parameters affecting extraction efficiency including ultrasonication time and extraction pH were evaluated and optimized. The present study results indicated that 40% acidified methanol (pH~3) with sonication 15~20min has been shown to be a rapid and efficient method for the routine analysis of a wide range of microcystins in water samples. Our study also suggested that analytical method based on HPLC-MS/MS with SPE techniques provides a simplified enrichment procedure and rich information for both quantization and identification effective tool for analysis of urban landscape water quality. The development of this method may facilitate the understanding of the best extraction method for the routine analysis of microcystins in water bodies. Moreover, it may be valuable for purification scale. Index Terms-Microcystin, extraction, HPLC-MS/MS, urban landscape water. I. INTRODUCTIONUrban landscape water in China are very often man-made ecosystem. They are very small and shallow. As an essential part of urban ecosystem, urban lake also play an important role in promoting socio-economic development, by regulating climate and providing a good place for recreational [1]- [2]. With increasing anthropogenic activities and excessive inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus to water environments, urban lake waters quality are extremely deteriorated in recent years. As a consequence, the appearance of Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) can produce microsytins, frequently breakout in highly eutrophication lakes. It is considered to be an important water quality problem, implicating that a serious health problem in water supplies, both for livestock and human health [3]-[5].Microcystin is the most commonly synthesized toxin produced by toxin producing cyanobacteria species of Currently, there is a lack of understanding toxicology and risk assessment of urban lake Cyanobacterial toxins. For deeply study urban lake microcystins during algal blooms, optimization of extraction were conducted by HPLC-MS/MS approaches in our study for determination of microcystins from urban lake samples. II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. ChemicalsAll the chemicals include HPLC-S grade acetonitrile, HPLC grade methanol and Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Beijing Chemicals Ltd. Ultra-pure water was prepared on a Milli-Q Synthesis system (Millipore, France). microcystin LR, RR standards were bought from Beijing express Company. Sep-pak ODS cartridge (1000g, 12ml) was manufactured by Tianjin Alega Technologies. B. Sample Preparation for Microcystins ExtractionBefore the HPLC analyses, all water samples (1 L) were filtered on GF/C filters. Commercially available SPE fibers were purchased from Alega. Each fiber was eluted by 20ml methanol and pure water 20ml separately before extraction. To carry out the SPE extraction, water samples were extracted under diff...

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Oral toxicity of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in male Swiss albino mice: Determination of no observed adverse effect level for deriving a drinking water guideline value

Cited by 226 publications

References 31 publications

Occurrence of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in northeast Germany

Occurrence of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in northeast Germany

Cyanobacterial Toxins of the Laurentian Great Lakes, their Toxicological Effects, and Numerical Limits in Drinking Water

Optimization of Microcystin Extraction for Their Subsequent Analysis by HPLC-MS/MS Method in Urban Lake Water

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