Oral ulcers: clinical aspects. A tool for dermatologists. Part II. Chronic ulcers

Abstract

Oral ulcers are generally painful lesions that are related to various conditions developing within the oral cavity. They can be classified as acute or chronic according to their presentation and progression. Acute oral ulcers are be associated with conditions such as trauma, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Behçet's disease, bacterial and viral infections, allergic reactions or adverse drug reactions. Chronic oral ulcers are associated with conditions such as oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, mucosal pemphigoid, lupus erythematosus, mycosis and some bacterial and parasitic diseases. The correct differential diagnosis is necessary to establish the appropriate treatment, taking into account all the possible causes of ulcers in the oral cavity. In this second part of this two-part review, chronic oral ulcers are reviewed.

Reduced Expression of Limd1 in Ulcerative Oral Epithelium Associated with Tobacco and Areca Nut

“…(Pandya et al, 2009). Inflammation and ulceration are often seen in OSF, Leukoplakia, Lichen Planus, and Haemangioma along with premalignant lesions like hyperplasia and/or dysplasia (Muñoz-Corcuera et al, 2009). It seems that chronic inflammation and/or ulceration might predispose the tissues to premalignant changes followed by malignant transformation (Zhang et al, 1997).…”

A Case of Refractory Oral Aphthous Ulcer Successfully Treated with Adalimumab

“…On the other hand, chronic ulcers slowly develop and progress consistently. Common causes of oral ulcer are trauma including mechanical and chemical, drug-induced, autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, mycosis, other bacterial and parasite, and malignancy [4]. Our patient had 2-years lasting oral ulcer which was not easily cured with appropriate therapy.…”

Nicorandil-induced tongue ulceration with or without fungal infection

“…Oral ulceration induced by nicorandil was initially reported in France [1,2], and similar cases have been reported in the European countries since the late 90s. Therefore, oral ulceration is considered as one of the common adverse reactions of nicorandil in these countries [8,9]. In Japan, however, only 9 cases of nicorandilinduced oral ulceration have been reported [10].…”

“…In Japan, however, only 9 cases of nicorandilinduced oral ulceration have been reported [10]. Etiologic factors of chronic oral ulcer vary, and one of them is fungal infection [9,11]. Recently, we encountered 3 cases of nicorandil-induced oral ulceration, and one of them had a unique clinical course associated with Candida infection.…”