Oral Ulcers Presentation in Systemic Diseases: An Update

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of oral ulceration is always challenging and has been the source of difficulty because of the remarkable overlap in their clinical presentations.
 AIM: The objective of this review article is to provide updated knowledge and systemic approach regarding oral ulcers diagnosis depending upon clinical picture while excluding the other causative causes.
 METHODS: For this, specialised databases and search engines involving Science Direct, Medline Plus, Scopus, PubMed and authentic textbooks were used to search topics related to the keywords such as oral ulcer, oral infections, vesiculobullous lesion, traumatic ulcer, systematic disease and stomatitis. Associated articles published from 1995 to 2019 in both dental and medical journals including the case reports, case series, original articles and reviews were considered.
 RESULTS: The compilation of the significant data reveals that ulcers can be classified according to (i) duration of onset, (ii) number of ulcers and (iii) etiological factors. Causation of oral ulcers varies from slight trauma to underlying systemic diseases and malignancies.
 CONCLUSION: Oral manifestations must be acknowledged for precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Awareness Regarding Oral Aphthous Ulcers and its Risk Factors Among BDS and MBBS Students-A Cross-Sectional Survey

“…17,18 Previous researches have also shown that stress and family history of risk factors of oral ulcerations. 1,19 In current study, we found that most of the students knew that stress and positive family history of oral ulceration are risk factors of ulcerations. Hence, this is important for students to know which kind of food should be avoided and to manage stress in order to prevent ulceration.…”

“…It is a degradation of the epithelium that contributes to the formation of underlying inflamed conjunctive tissue. 1 Almost 25% of people around the world suffer from oral ulcers and estimated point prevalence is 4% globally. 2 It is prevalent among both genders but predominantly affects females and teenagers.…”

“…3,4 Stress, family history, infective agents, allergic conditions, hormonal disturbances and gastrointestinal diseases are the most common etiological causes of oral ulceration, but the causes of recurrent aphthous stomatitis remain unknown and vague. 1 However, literature showed that stress (54.8%), was the common cause of recurrent aphthous stomatitis followed by nutritional deficiency as 25% (i.e. micro-nutrient deficiencies including iron, folate, zinc, B1, B2, B6, B12 deficiencies) and food stuff (16%).…”

Safety and Effectiveness of Copaiba Oleoresin (C. reticulata Ducke) on Inflammation and Tissue Repair of Oral Wounds in Rats

“…Despite oral mucosa wounds being able to heal more rapidly than skin wounds [21], some oral lesions may produce discomfort during food intake or even speaking, interfering with the patient's quality of life, making effective wound healing therapy necessary [1,2]. The results of this animal model study demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of copaiba oleoresin (C. reticulata Ducke) on the wound-healing process in oral mucosa compared to corticoid therapy-often prescribed by dental professionals for oral lesions [3,4].…”

“…Aphthae and traumatic ulcers are common inflammatory conditions in the oral mucosa. These oral lesions are painful and produce discomfort during food intake or even speaking, interfering with the patient's quality of life [1,2]. Although there is no a standard treatment, management is based on widely used anti-inflammatory therapy-such as corticoids-generally prescribed by dental consultant [3,4].…”