Oral Vitamin D Supplementation to Mothers During Lactation—Effect of 25(OH)D Concentration on Exclusively Breastfed Infants at 6 Months of Age: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Trivedi, Maharshi; Faridi, Mohammad Moonis Akbar; Aggarwal, Anju; Madhu, Sri Venkata; Malhotra, Rajiv

doi:10.1089/bfm.2019.0102

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven studies focused on the exclusive maternal supplementation of VD and included a total of 652 mothers ( Table 2 ; [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]). In four trials, mothers were provided with a daily dose of VD [ 39 , 40 , 43 , 44 ], while three studies evaluated the efficacy of a monthly VD administration [ 38 , 41 , 42 ]. One study compared a single high dose administration given to mothers at delivery to an equivalent dose split over 28 days and found no differences in VD sufficiency neither in mothers nor infants at one month of life [ 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same conclusions have been obtained by milk fortification or a single 50,000 IU dose given to the child. In the collected studies, high doses given daily or monthly to either mothers or children had no dangerous effects in terms of safety or adverse outcomes, with similar efficacy outcomes [ 34 , 38 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 47 ]. Regarding assuming excessive or even toxic accumulation in the body, no evidence for prophylactic dosages is given, probably due to the lipophilic nature of VD with slow processes of turnover in fat deposits [ 72 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different Vitamin D Supplementation Strategies in the First Years of Life: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Vitamin D (VD) is an essential micronutrient with multiple functions for human growth, and adequate intake should be guaranteed throughout life. However, VD insufficiency is observed in infants all over the world. Low VD concentration in the breast milk of non-supplemented mothers and low compliance to VD daily supplementation are the main causes of VD insufficiency, especially in the long term. Furthermore, VD supplementation dosages are still debated and differ by country. We conducted a systematic review to compare the most recent evidence on different postnatal VD supplementation strategies, determining whether supplementation given to the mother is as effective as that administered directly to the child, and whether different dosages and administration schedules differ significantly in terms of efficacy and safety. We identified 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) addressing the role of infant (n = 961), maternal (n = 652) or combined infant and maternal VD supplementation (n = 260 pairs). In all studies, similar outcomes emerged in terms of efficacy and safety. According to our findings, alternative approaches of VD supplementation may be adopted, especially in cases where the adherence to daily supplementation strategies is poor. This review shows that different dosages and supplementation strategies result in similar VD sufficiency rates. Therefore, international guidelines may be revised in the future to offer multiple and different options of supplementation for specific settings and ages.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different Vitamin D Supplementation Strategies in the First Years of Life: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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“…A prevalence as high as 83% was reported among 1-month-old infants in Qatar despite the region having abundant sunshine [ 61 ]. One study in India reported a prevalence of VDD of 91.1% among 6-month-old infants who were not on vitamin D supplementation [ 58 ]. VDD in infants exclusively breastfed without vitamin D supplementation and sufficient sun exposure is a major cause of nutritional rickets, with a high prevalence in North America, South America, Europe, and parts of the Middle East [ 67 ].…”

Section: Vitamin D Status Of Breastfed Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding and vitamin D

Heo¹,

Ahn²,

Kim³

et al. 2022

Clin Exp Pediatr

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The recent re-emergence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and rickets among breastfed infants without adequate sunlight exposure and vitamin D supplementation has been reported worldwide. Breastfed infants are particularly vulnerable to VDD because of the low vitamin D content of breast milk, restricted sunlight exposure, increased pollution, and limited natural dietary sources of vitamin D. The prevalence of VDD in breastfed infants differs vastly between studies and nations at 0.6-91.1%. The recommended intake of vitamin D for lactating mothers to optimize their overall vitamin D status and, consequently, of their breast milk is 200-2000 IU/day, indicating a lack of consensus. Some studies have suggested that maternal high-dose vitamin D supplementation (up to 6400 IU/day) can be used as an alternate strategy to direct infant supplementation. However, concern persists about the safety of maternal high-dose vitamin D supplementation. Direct infant supplementation is the currently available option to support vitamin D status in breastfed infants. The recommended dose for vitamin D supplementation in breastfed infants according to various societies and organizations worldwide is 200-1200 IU/day. Most international guidelines recommend that exclusively or partially breastfed infants be supplemented with 400 IU/day of vitamin D during their first year of life. However, domestic studies on the status and guidelines for vitamin D in breastfed infants are insufficient. This review summarizes the prevalence of VDD in breastfed infants, vitamin D content of breast milk, and current guidelines for vitamin D supplementation of lactating mothers and infants to prevent VDD in breastfed infants.

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“…(2)(3)(4) Vitamin D is one of the essential micronutrients that its deficiency in children can lead to nutritional rickets. (5)(6)(7) The effect of malnutrition on the eruption of deciduous and permanent teeth has been discussed in several studies. (8,9) One of the most common malnutrition problems in the world is vitamin D deficiency, which in many cases goes undiagnosed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Serum Vitamin D and Calcium Levels Between Children with Longer Than Normal Eruption Time of First Deciduous Tooth and Control Group

Nezhad¹,

Salem

Zamanian

et al. 2021

J Res Dent Maxillofac Sci

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Background and Aim: Tooth eruption is a multifaceted physiological process, which can be delayed by factors such as malnutrition. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of vitamin D and calcium in infants with a longer than normal eruption time of the first deciduous tooth with the control group (normal eruption). Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, serum levels of vitamin D in 61 children with a mean age of normal dental eruption in Iranian children (8 months and less) were compared with 61 children with eruption age of more than 8 months. The children were matched in terms of age, sex, place of birth and residence, age of birth, birth weight, and other eruption-related items. Student's t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The first erupted tooth in all infants was the mandibular incisor. The mean serum level of vitamin D was 38.1±24.1 ng/ml in infants with eruption age of 8 months or less and 40.0±21.5 ng/ml in the group of eruption age over 8 months (P=0.63). Serum calcium level was 10.03±0.55 mg/dl in the first group and 9.92±0.57 mg/dl in the second group (P=0.28). There was no significant relationship between gender, maternal education, A+D supplementation, infant nutrition (breast milk, formula, and combination), and different levels of vitamin D (deficient, inadequate, adequate, and toxic) with the average age of eruption of the first deciduous tooth (P>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that serum vitamin D and calcium levels in this age group do not affect the eruption time of deciduous teeth.

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Oral Vitamin D Supplementation to Mothers During Lactation—Effect of 25(OH)D Concentration on Exclusively Breastfed Infants at 6 Months of Age: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Different Vitamin D Supplementation Strategies in the First Years of Life: A Systematic Review

Different Vitamin D Supplementation Strategies in the First Years of Life: A Systematic Review

Breastfeeding and vitamin D

Comparison of Serum Vitamin D and Calcium Levels Between Children with Longer Than Normal Eruption Time of First Deciduous Tooth and Control Group

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