Orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus modulates the respiratory immune response triggered by the viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern poly(I:C)

Abstract

BackgroundSome studies have shown that probiotics, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505, had the potential to beneficially modulate the outcome of certain bacterial and viral respiratory infections. However, these studies did not determine the mechanism(s) by which probiotics contribute to host defense against respiratory viruses.ResultsIn this work we demonstrated that orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 (Lr1505) was able to increase the levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6 in the respiratory tract and the number of lung CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells. To mimic the pro-inflammatory and physiopathological consecuences of RNA viral infections in the lung, we used an experimental model of lung inflammation based on the administration of the artificial viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern poly(I:C). Nasal administration of poly(I:C) to mice induced a marked impairment of lung function that was accompanied by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cell recruitment into the airways. The preventive administration of Lr1505 reduced lung injuries and the production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in the respiratory tract after the challenge with poly(I:C). Moreover, Lr1505 induced a significant increase in lung and serum IL-10. We also observed that Lr1505 was able to increase respiratory IFN-γ levels and the number of lung CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells after poly(I:C) challenge. Moreover, higher numbers of both CD103+ and CD11bhigh dendritic cells and increased expression of MHC-II, IL-12 and IFN-γ in these cell populations were found in lungs of Lr1505-treated mice. Therefore, Lr1505 treatment would beneficially regulate the balance between pro-inflammatory mediators and IL-10, allowing an effective inflammatory response against infection and avoiding tissue damage.ConclusionsResults showed that Lr1505 would induce a mobilization of cells from intestine and changes in cytokine profile that would be able to beneficially modulate the respiratory mucosal immunity. Although deeper studies are needed using challenges with respiratory viruses, the results in this study suggest that Lr1505, a potent inducer of antiviral cytokines, may be useful as a prophylactic agent to control respiratory virus infection.

Influence of a probiotic Lactobacillus casei strain on the colonisation with potential pathogenic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus in the nasopharyngeal space of healthy men with a low baseline NK cell activity

“…There are data available which indicate that an effect on SIgA is dependent on the probiotic strain used. For example, in acute infections, probiotic intervention was able to induce total and pathogen-specific IgA [16], and an orally applied probiotic was able to induce a mobilisation of intestinal cells and to provoke changes in the cytokine profile, finally modulating the respiratory mucosal immunity in experimental viral infection [56]. In another study of Villena et al [57], a protective effect of probiotic intervention against the respiratory pathogen Strep.…”

Novel Microbiome-Based Therapeutics for Chronic Rhinosinusitis

“…Collectively, these observations suggest that microbiome disturbances at both local and distal sites may play a role in the development of allergic or inflammatory diseases of the airways and highlight distinct windows for probiotic intervention for the prevention or management of disease. Support for this hypothesis comes from several probiotic supplementation studies targeting respiratory tract diseases [74][75][76][77]. Positive results reported from oral administration of probiotics [78,79] provide evidence for a relationship between gut microbiome composition and airway health.…”

“…For example, early-life exposure to microbiota in mice was protective against induced inflammatory bowel disease and asthma by preventing invariant natural killer T cell (iNKT) accumulation in the colon and lungs [80]. In a separate study, migration of CD3 + CD4 + IFNγ + T cells from the intestine to the lung was induced by oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus [76]. Thus, manipulation of the gastrointestinal microbiome in infancy or early childhood, as these assemblages develop, may represent a viable strategy probiotic intervention targeting respiratory diseases.…”

Immunomodulatory and Therapeutic Activity of Bifido- And Lactobacteria in Children With Allergic Diseases and Frequent Respiratory Tract Infections

“…Возможно, эти эффекты связаны со способностью лактобактерий стимулировать продукцию цитокинов иммунокомпетентными клетками, как это было показано в исследовании [25] на экспериментальной модели вос-паления легких, вызванного искусственным аналогом вирусного антигена poly (I:C). Аналогичные данные были получены и в исследовании M. Kawase и соавт.…”