Orally Ingested Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Interventions as Countermeasures for Gastrointestinal Tract Infections in Nonelderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fagnant, Heather; Isidean, Sandra D.; Wilson, Lydia; Bukhari, Asma; Allen, Jillian T.; Agans, Richard; Lee, Dustin M.; Hatch-McChesney, Adrienne; Whitney, Claire; Sullo, Elaine; Porter, Chad K.; Karl, J Philip

doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.02.002

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Some study results showed mixed effects in terms of having benefits of using probiotics in reducing the risk of gastrointestinal infections (RR 0.86, 05% CI 0.73 to 1.101) but having no effects on the duration or severity of gastrointestinal infection. The authors cautioned use of the results due to a low number of studies, high risk of bias and heterogeneity in the studies [ 58 ]. The study results may be not comparable, partly because of differing outcome measures [ 58 ] and also not having results of a meta-analysis in all reported studies [ 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors cautioned use of the results due to a low number of studies, high risk of bias and heterogeneity in the studies [ 58 ]. The study results may be not comparable, partly because of differing outcome measures [ 58 ] and also not having results of a meta-analysis in all reported studies [ 56 , 57 ]. Further studies are suggested for understanding the effect of probiotics as a single therapy or in combination with standard treatments for Crohn’s disease and gastroenteritis due to other etiologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Probiotics in Adults with Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Mitra,

Asala,

Malone

et al. 2023

Diseases

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Probiotics have been widely used in gastroenteritis due to acute and chronic illnesses. However, evidence supporting the effectiveness of probiotics in different health conditions is inconclusive and conflicting. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature on the effects of probiotics on gastroenteritis among adults. Only original articles on clinical trials that demonstrated the effects of probiotics in adults with gastroenteritis were used for this analysis. Multiple databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and Scopus databases, were searched for the data. The study followed standard procedures for data extraction using a PRISMA flow chart. A quality appraisal of the selected studies was conducted using CADIMA. Finally, a meta-analysis was performed. Thirty-five articles met the selection criteria; of them, probiotics were found effective in the treatment and/or prevention of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease in 17 (49%), and the treatment of pouchitis in 4 (11.4%), antibiotic-induced diarrhea in 3 (8.6%), Helicobacter pylori infection in 2 (5.7%) and diverticulitis in 1 (2.9%), while the remaining 7 (20%) were ineffective, and 1 study’s results were inconclusive. The meta-analysis did not demonstrate any significant protective effects of probiotics. Having a τ2 value of zero and I2 of 6%, the studies were homogeneous and had minimum variances. Further studies are suggested to evaluate the beneficial effects of probiotics in IBDs and other chronic bowel diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Probiotics in Adults with Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Mitra,

Asala,

Malone

et al. 2023

Diseases

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“…One systematic review and meta-analysis found that Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 significantly decreased the incidence of traveler’s diarrhea [ 48 ]. A separate meta-analysis by Fagnant et al found that prebiotics and probiotics modestly reduced the risk of GI tract infection in adults; however, the study was limited by a high risk of bias and heterogeneous interventions and could not assess the effects of specific prebiotic or probiotic strains [ 49 ].…”

Section: Role Of Prebiotics and Probiotics For Various Gastrointestin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics and Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Disorders

Rau,

Gregg,

Yaceczko

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The complex role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders is an emerging area of research, and there is considerable interest in understanding how diet can alter the composition and function of the microbiome. Prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to beneficially modulate the gut microbiome, which underlies their potential for benefit in GI conditions. Formulating specific recommendations for the public regarding these dietary supplements has been difficult due to the significant heterogeneity between strains, doses, and duration of treatment investigated across studies, as well as safety concerns with administering live organisms. This review aims to summarize the existing evidence for the use of prebiotics and probiotics in various GI disorders, paying special attention to strain-specific effects that emerged and any adverse effects noted.

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“…29 In summary, the prebiotics showed a protective effect in these diseases, reducing inflammatory markers, increasing the production of SCFA, improving calcium absorption, improving immune and cognitive function, and increasing the abundance of Bifidobacterium, amongst other beneficial effects. 29 Other recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluated the effect of prebiotic supplementation for diabetes, [109][110][111] intestinal infections, 112,113 respiratory infections, 114 thyroid function, 115,116 depression, 117,118 autism, 119,120 polycystic ovary syndrome, 121 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 122,123 V. Comparative analysis Age-dependent variations in the composition of gut microbiota 1.…”

Section: Impact Of Prebiotics On Gut Microbiota In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluated the effect of prebiotic supplementation for diabetes, 109–111 intestinal infections, 112,113 respiratory infections, 114 thyroid function, 115,116 depression, 117,118 autism, 119,120 polycystic ovary syndrome, 121 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 122,123…”

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of pectin and prebiotics on human microbiota modulation in early life stages and adults

Donadio,

Fabi

2024

Food Funct.

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Orally Ingested Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Interventions as Countermeasures for Gastrointestinal Tract Infections in Nonelderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 72 publications

Effects of Probiotics in Adults with Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Effects of Probiotics in Adults with Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials

Prebiotics and Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Disorders

Comparative analysis of pectin and prebiotics on human microbiota modulation in early life stages and adults

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