Orange juice (poly)phenols are highly bioavailable in humans

Pereira-Caro, Gema; Borges, Gina; Hooft, Justin van der; Clifford, Michael N.; Rio, Daniele Del; Lean, Michael E. J.; Roberts, Susan A.; Kellerhals, Michele B; Crozier, Alan

doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.090282

Cited by 141 publications

(202 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In line with these values, in a recent Glasgow-based orange juice bioavailability study, baseline excretion of hippuric acid was 232 ± 21 μmol/24 h [43]. In contrast, an orange juice study using Glasgow protocols that was carried out in Adelaide, in collaboration with Potential pathways for the metabolism of cyanidin-based anthocyanins following cleavage of the sugar moiety in the GIT after ingestion of raspberries.…”

Section: ]Cyanidin-3-mentioning

confidence: 84%

New insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins

Ludwig

Mena

Calani

et al. 2015

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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167

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Abbreviations:ADME, absorption, disposition, metabolism and excretion; C max, peak plasma concentration; 2 CID, collision-induced dissociation; ESI, electrospray interface; GIT, gastrointestinal tract; PDA, photodiode array; T max, time to reach peak plasma concentration; UHPLC-MS; ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry 3 ABSTRACT Red raspberries, containing ellagitannins and cyanidin-based anthocyanins, were fed to volunteers and metabolites appearing in plasma and urine were analysed by UHPLC-MS. Anthocyanins were not absorbed to any extent with sub nmol/L concentrations of cyanidin-3-glucoside and a cyanidin-Oglucuronide appearing transiently in plasma. Anthocyanins excreted in urine corresponded to 0.007% of intake. More substantial amounts of phase II metabolites of ferulic acid and isoferulic acid, along with 4′-hydroxyhippuric acid, potentially originating from pH-mediated degradation of cyanidin in the proximal gastrointestinal tract, appeared in urine and also plasma where peak concentrations were attained 1-1.5 h after raspberry intake. Excretion of 18 anthocyanin-derived metabolites corresponded to 15.0% of intake, a figure substantially higher than obtained in other anthocyanin feeding studies. Ellagitannins pass from the small to the large intestine where the colonic microbiota mediate their conversion to urolithins A and B which appeared in plasma and were excreted almost exclusively as sulfate and glucuronide metabolites. The urolithin metabolites persisted in the circulatory system and were excreted in urine for much longer periods of time than the anthocyanin metabolites although their overall urinary recovery was lower at 7.0% of intake. It is events originating in the proximal and distal gastrointestinal tract, and subsequent phase II metabolism, that play an important role in the bioavailability of both anthocyanins and ellagitannins and it is their metabolites which appear in the circulatory system, that are key to elucidating the mode of action(s) underlying the protective effects of these compounds on human health.

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Section: ]Cyanidin-3-mentioning

confidence: 84%

New insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins

Ludwig

Mena

Calani

et al. 2015

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Self Cite

167

134

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“…the B-ring hydroxylation pattern is retained. This catabolite and 3 -hydroxyphenylhydracrylic acid have both been reported in urine samples from volunteers after orange juice consumption [65,158]. 3 -Hydroxyphenylhydracrylic acid excretion increased also after consumption of a red wine-grape juice mixture [159], and raspberries [71], both of which lack flavanones, and there are older studies on volunteers which report its production from rutin [160], and after consumption of coffee [161].…”

Section: Controls Used In Model Fermentations Have Clearly Demonstratmentioning

confidence: 85%

Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of polyphenols

Williamson

Clifford

2017

Biochemical Pharmacology

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Please cite this article as: G. Williamson, M.N. Clifford, Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of polyphenols, Biochemical Pharmacology (2017), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j. bcp.2017.03.012 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of in the small intestine, or reaches the colon and is subject to extensive catabolism by colonic microbiota. Untransformed substrates may be absorbed, appearing in plasma primarily as methylated, sulfated and glucuronidated derivatives, with in some cases the unchanged substrate. Many of the catabolites are well absorbed from the colon and appear in the plasma either similarly conjugated, or as glycine conjugates, or in some cases unchanged.Although many (poly)phenol catabolites have been identified in human plasma and / or urine, the pathways from substrate to final catabolite, and the species of bacteria and enzymes involved, are still scarcely reported. While it is clear that the composition of the human gut microbiota can be modulated in vivo by supplementation with some (poly)phenol-rich commodities, such modulation is definitely not an inevitable consequence of supplementation, it depends on the treatment, length of time and on the individual metabotype, and it is not clear whether the modulation is sustained when supplementation ceases. Some catabolites have been recorded in plasma of volunteers at concentrations similar to those shown to be effective in in vitro studies suggesting that some benefit may be achieved in vivo by diets yielding such catabolites. and are also present at high levels in supplements [4], and form essential components of many Chinese medicines [5]. A study within the European Prospective Investigation intoCancer and Nutrition (EPIC) using the Phenol Explorer database reported that the cohort studied consumed 427 different polyphenols including 94 that were consumed at a rate of >1 g/day. The estimated total polyphenol consumption ranged from 584 mg/day by Greek women to 1786 mg/day for men in Aarhus-Denmark. The corresponding data for Greek men and for Aarhus women were 744 mg/day and 1626 mg/ day, respectively, with all data adjusted for age and weighted by season and weekday of dietary recall [6]. This study defined the major contributors to be the phenolic acids (predominantly the caffeoylquinic acids (27-53%), also called chlorogenic acids) and flavonoids (predominantly flavanols (16-29%), proanthocyanidins (5-9%) and theaflavins (14-25%)) [6]. Hydroxybenzoic acids (3.3-7.4%), alkyl-phenols (1.6...

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“…However, the peak between 5 and 10 h indicates a more important role of the colonic microbiota in flavanone metabolism [30]. Similarly, ferulic acid glucuronide absorption profile showed a double phase curve (Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four additional blood samples were collected, at 1, 2, 5, and 10 h after capsule intake. After the 2 h blood sampling, the subjects consumed a standardized (poly)phenol-poor snack, including white bread, cheese, ham, milk, and water ad libitum , in accordance to Pereira-Caro [30]. For each blood drawing, 5 mL of venous EDTA-blood from the elbow were collected via vein catheter, in supine position.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption Profile of (Poly)Phenolic Compounds after Consumption of Three Food Supplements Containing 36 Different Fruits, Vegetables, and Berries

et al. 2017

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The market of plant-based nutraceuticals and food supplements is continuously growing due to the increased consumer demand. The introduction of new products with relevant nutritional characteristics represents a new way of providing bioactive compounds and (poly)phenols to consumers, becoming a strategy to ideally guarantee the health benefits attributed to plant foodstuffs and allowing the increase of daily bioactive compound intake. A paramount step in the study of nutraceuticals is the evaluation of the bioavailability and metabolism of their putatively active components. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the absorption profile of the (poly)phenolic compounds contained in three different plant-based food supplements, made of 36 different plant matrices, which were consumed by 20 subjects in an open one-arm study design. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 1, 2, 5, and 10 h after capsule intake. Twenty quantifiable metabolites deriving from different (poly)phenolic compounds were identified. Results showed that the consumption of the three capsules allowed the effective absorption of several (poly)phenolic compounds and metabolites appearing at different times in plasma, thereby indicating different absorption profiles. The capsules thus ensured potential health-promoting molecules to be potentially available to target tissues and organs.

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Orange juice (poly)phenols are highly bioavailable in humans

Cited by 141 publications

References 30 publications

New insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins

New insights into the bioavailability of red raspberry anthocyanins and ellagitannins

Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of polyphenols

Absorption Profile of (Poly)Phenolic Compounds after Consumption of Three Food Supplements Containing 36 Different Fruits, Vegetables, and Berries

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