Orbital Adipose Tissue: Just a Fat Pad or Terra Incognita in Ophthalmology

Борзенок, С.А.; Afanasyeva, D.S.; Gushchina, M B

doi:10.15690/vramn.v70.i4.1413

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several adipose-tissue-centric mechanisms have been proposed in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, with chronic, low-grade adipose tissue inflammation receiving considerable attention [25]. Although the intraorbital fat has not been the subject of related investigations [26], being assigned to a different origin, the neural crest as opposed to mesoderm for the most well-studied subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue [27], we might hypothesize that orbital adipose perivascular tissue could potentially be involved in low-grade chronic inflammation in diabetic patients accounting for the relative increase in noted EVs series.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hertel Exophthalmometry Values in a Greek Adult Outpatient Clinic-Based Population: Association With Demographic Factors and Systemic Disease

Tsiogka¹,

Petrou²,

Droutsas³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Purpose: To investigate correlations of exophthalmometry values (EVs) with age, gender, and the presence of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia.Methods: In a cross-sectional, clinic-based study, consecutive adult Greek patients presenting for evaluation at the outpatient general clinic on a scheduled appointment basis at a tertiary care referral center were submitted to Hertel exophthalmometry in both eyes by the same observer. Subjects with signs of history or orbital pathology, including thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, were excluded. Demographics, as well as a detailed systemic history report, were recorded. Mixed effect linear regression analysis was performed to account for the correlation between the eyes of the same participant.Results: A total of 800 eyes (400 subjects) were included, 194 males and 206 females, with a mean age of 67.82 ± 12 years (range: 18-92 years). The mean exophthalmometry value was 15.7 ± 2.6 mm (range: 11-21 mm). Every one year of increase in age is associated with a decrease in EVs by 0.03 mm (95% CI -0.04, -0.02/p-value<0.001). Female gender was associated with lower EVs by 0.33mm (95% CI-0.56, -0.1/p-value=0.005). Patients with diabetes mellitus had higher EVs by 0.47 mm (95% CI 0.25, 0.70/p-value<0.001) compared to patients without diabetes, and patients with arterial hypertension had lower EVs by 0.26 mm (95% CI -0.5, -0.02/p-value=0.034) compared to patients without hypertension. No association was found between dyslipidemia and systemic history of thyroid dysfunction.Conclusions: A negative correlation of EVs was noted with increasing age, female gender, as well as history of arterial hypertension and a positive correlation with diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hertel Exophthalmometry Values in a Greek Adult Outpatient Clinic-Based Population: Association With Demographic Factors and Systemic Disease

Tsiogka¹,

Petrou²,

Droutsas³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…12 The role of orbital fat beyond a space-occupying tissue is expanding with its contribution to endocrine and immune pathways as well as a reservoir of stem cells. 12,13 Despite its importance, relatively little is known about its role in orbital diseases. Dysregulation of orbital fat is seen with TAO where de novo adipogenesis is enhanced which may result in corneal exposure, diplopia, and permanent vision loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and Fibrosis in Orbital Inflammatory Disease: A Histopathologic Analysis

Verma

Chen

Choi

et al. 2023

Ophthalmic Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the histopathologic inflammation and fibrosis of orbital adipose tissue in orbital inflammatory disease (OID) specimens. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, inflammation, and fibrosis in orbital adipose tissue from patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), sarcoidosis, nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI), and healthy controls were scored by 2 masked ocular pathologists. Both categories were scored on a scale of 0 to 3 with scoring criteria based on the percentage of specimens containing inflammation or fibrosis, respectively. Tissue specimens were collected from oculoplastic surgeons at 8 international centers representing 4 countries. Seventy-four specimens were included: 25 with TAO, 6 with orbital GPA, 7 with orbital sarcoidosis, 24 with NSOI, and 12 healthy controls. Results: The mean inflammation and fibrosis scores for healthy controls were 0.0 and 1.1, respectively. Orbital inflammatory disease groups’ inflammation (I) and fibrosis (F) scores, formatted [I, F] with respective p-values when compared to controls, were: TAO [0.2, 1.4] (p = 1, 1), GPA [1.9, 2.6] (p = 0.003, 0.009), sarcoidosis [2.4, 1.9] (p = 0.001, 0.023), and NSOI [1.3, 1.8] (p ≤ 0.001, 0.018). Sarcoidosis had the highest mean inflammation score. The pairwise analysis demonstrated that sarcoidosis had a significantly higher mean inflammation score than NSOI (p = 0.036) and TAO (p < 0.0001), but no difference when compared to GPA. GPA had the highest mean fibrosis score, with pairwise analysis demonstrating a significantly higher mean fibrosis score than TAO (p = 0.048). Conclusions: Mean inflammation and fibrosis scores in TAO orbital adipose tissue samples did not differ from healthy controls. In contrast, the more “intense” inflammatory diseases such as GPA, sarcoidosis, and NSOI did demonstrate higher histopathologic inflammation and fibrosis. This has implications in prognosis, therapeutic selection, and response monitoring in orbital inflammatory disease.

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Comparison of Morphology of Adipose Body of the Orbit and Subcutaneous Fat in Humans

2018

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We compared histological structure of the orbital and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Quantitative morphometry showed that the mean diameter of adipocytes and their volume density in the orbital adipose tissue were significantly lower than in the subcutaneous fat, while volume density of vessels and elements of the connective tissue in the orbital adipose tissue was higher. Previously known and revealed here differences in the structure of orbital and subcutaneous adipose tissue do not answer the question, whether subcutaneous adipose tissue can be used for replacement of the orbital tissue deficit.

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Orbital Adipose Tissue: Just a Fat Pad or Terra Incognita in Ophthalmology

Abstract: Orbital Adipose Tissue: Just a Fat Pad or Terra Incognita in Ophthalmology

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Hertel Exophthalmometry Values in a Greek Adult Outpatient Clinic-Based Population: Association With Demographic Factors and Systemic Disease

Hertel Exophthalmometry Values in a Greek Adult Outpatient Clinic-Based Population: Association With Demographic Factors and Systemic Disease

Inflammation and Fibrosis in Orbital Inflammatory Disease: A Histopathologic Analysis

Comparison of Morphology of Adipose Body of the Orbit and Subcutaneous Fat in Humans

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