Orbital and ocular perfusion in thyroid eye disease

Goel, Ruchi; Shah, Shalin; Sundar, Gangadhara; Arora, Ritu; Gupta, Swati; Khullar, Tamanna

doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.01.003

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Goel et al published a systematic review in January 2023, which presented the aspect of orbital and eye perfusion according to colour Doppler imaging, OCTA and OCT images of the macular region in a TED population [10]. The part considering strictly the SFCT parameter involved 18 original papers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most serious complications of orbital tissue inflammation in the course of the condition include exposure keratopathy and neuropathy involving the optic nerve [9]. The mechanism could be compressive, ischaemic or followed by rising intraocular pressure [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the upper eyelid levator muscle or the lacrimal gland may become inflamed [2]. Enlarged tissues reduce the blood flow to the organ of vision through pressure on the vessels that nourish the optic nerve and retina, which can be observed during imaging examinations such as OCT or Doppler ultrasound [10]. Detecting such deviations imperceptible for the patient could accelerate the decision for anti-inflammatory treatment or even surgical decompression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Observational Studies on Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness Measured with OCT according to the Level of Thyroid Eye Disease Activity—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kowalik-Jagodzińska

Sobol

Turno-Kręcicka

2023

JCM

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This study aims to systematise subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with different severities of thyroid eye disease (TED) compared with healthy subjects. The PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for the following terms: ((Graves’ ophthalmopathy) OR (thyroid eye disease) OR (Graves’ orbitopathy) OR (thyroid-associated orbitopathy)) AND (choroidal thickness) AND ((optical coherence tomography) OR (OCT)). The pool of papers was narrowed down to articles published until 31 January 2023 (26, 26 and 96 papers, respectively). Twenty-five (25) articles were taken into consideration, which were original papers and included the choroidal thickness measurements among TED patients in their results. Finally, eight papers were included in the comparative analysis of the SFCT parameter in TED patients and a group of healthy controls, and seven papers in the comparative analysis of the same parameter between active and inactive TED patients. The mean value of the difference between the TED group and the healthy group was 38.79 μm, with a confidence interval (CI) from 0.09 to 77.49 μm (p = 0.0495). The mean difference between the active TED group and inactive TED group was 38.02 μm, with a CI from 8.62 to 67.42 μm (p = 0.0113). All the results were statistically significant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Observational Studies on Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness Measured with OCT according to the Level of Thyroid Eye Disease Activity—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kowalik-Jagodzińska

Sobol

Turno-Kręcicka

2023

JCM

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“…Thyroid eye disease (TED) is associated with retrobulbar inflammation, orbital fibrosis, and with enlargement of extraocular muscles and retrobulbar fat tissue [97]. Blood flow velocity in the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) and RI in the OA has been detected to be higher in patients with TED compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Clinical and Scientific Relevance Of CDI For Ocular And Card...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Retrobulbar Blood Flow and Vascular Reactivity—Relevance for Ocular and Cardiovascular Diseases

Böhm,

Grauhan,

Pfeiffer

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Abnormal retrobulbar hemodynamics have been linked to the development of various ocular diseases, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, altered retrobulbar blood flow has been observed in patients with severe cardiovascular diseases, including carotid artery occlusion, stroke, heart failure, and acute coronary syndrome. Due to the complex and intricate anatomy of retrobulbar blood vessels and their location behind the eyeball, measurement of retrobulbar blood flow and vascular reactivity, as well as the interpretation of the findings, are challenging. Various methods, such as color Doppler imaging, computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance imaging, have been employed to assess retrobulbar blood flow velocities in vivo. Color Doppler imaging represents a fast and non-invasive method to measure retrobulbar blood flow velocities in vivo. While no information about vessel diameter can be gained performing this method, computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging provide information about vessel diameter and detailed information on the anatomical course. Additionally, ex vivo studies, such as myography, utilizing genetically modified animal models may provide high optical resolution for functional vascular investigations in these small vessels. To our best knowledge, this is the first review, presenting a detailed overview of methods aiming to evaluate retrobulbar blood flow and vascular reactivity in both humans and laboratory animals. Furthermore, we will summarize the disturbances observed in retrobulbar blood flow in retinal, optic nerve, and cardiovascular diseases.

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“…The effects of the disease are mild in the majority of patients but about 3%-8% of the TED patients have sight-threatening dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) [6] . Orbital inflammation and mechanical compression in TED are known to affect the orbital vessels [7][8] . Raised retrobulbar and episcleral venous pressure in TED patients may affect both retinal and choroidal vasculature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of macular choroidal and microvascular network changes by activity scores and serum antibodies in thyroid eye patients and healthy subjects

Dogan,

Ilhan,

Ayaz

et al. 2023

Int J Ophthalmol

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AIM: To investigate the choroidal thickness and the microvascular network changes around the macula in thyroid eye disease (TED) patients at different stages and the relationship of those changes with risk factors, serum antibodies and the severity of TED. METHODS: A total of 85 participants were enrolled. All participants underwent ophthalmology and endocrinology examinations. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), superficial (s) and deep (d) foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, mean (m) and central (c) superficial vascular density (SVD), deep vascular density (DVD) measurements of the enrolled cases were performed with Topcon swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT)/OCT angiography (OCTA) DRI OCT Triton. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the associations between SFCT, FAZ area, SVD, DVD and the relevant factors of TED. RESULTS: Those with active TED patients had higher c-DVD and m-DVD levels (P<0.05), however there is no statistically significant difference in SFCT between active and stable TED patients. Among the serum antibodies, it was observed that s-FAZ and d-FAZ increased, c-SVD and m-SVD decreased in patients with high thyroid stimulating hormone-receptor autoantibodies (TRAB) level, whereas SFCT thickened in patients with high levels of both TRAB and human thyroglobulin (hTG). There was no significant difference in SFCT, FAZ, SVD and DVD measurement at gender, between hyperthyroid and euthyroid patients and among those with or without thyroid papillary carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The results show that both disease activation and serum antibodies differentially affect both superficial and deep retinal vascular density. It has also been shown that high serum antibody levels affect choroidal thickness independent of clinical activity.

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Orbital and ocular perfusion in thyroid eye disease

Cited by 8 publications

References 154 publications

A Comparison of Observational Studies on Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness Measured with OCT according to the Level of Thyroid Eye Disease Activity—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A Comparison of Observational Studies on Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness Measured with OCT according to the Level of Thyroid Eye Disease Activity—Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Measurement of Retrobulbar Blood Flow and Vascular Reactivity—Relevance for Ocular and Cardiovascular Diseases

Evaluation of macular choroidal and microvascular network changes by activity scores and serum antibodies in thyroid eye patients and healthy subjects

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