Orbital dynamics of highly probable but rare Orionid outbursts possibly observed by the ancient Maya

Abstract

Using orbital integrations of particles ejected from Comet Halley’s passages between 1404 and 240 BC, the authors investigate possible outbursts of the Orionids (twin shower of the Eta Aquariids) that may have been observed in the Western hemisphere. In an earlier orbital integration study, the authors determined there was a high probability linking probable outbursts of the Eta Aquariid meteor shower with certain events recorded in inscriptions during the Maya Classic Period, AD 250–900. This prior examination was the first scientific inquiry of its kind into ancient meteor outbursts possibly recorded in the Western hemisphere where previously no pre-Columbian observations had existed. In the current paper, the aim is to describe orbital dynamics of rare but probable Orionid outbursts that would have occurred on or near applicable dates recorded in the Classic Maya inscriptions. Specifically, significant probable outbursts are found in AD 417 and 585 out of 30 possible target years. The driving mechanisms for outbursts in those two years are Jovian 1:6 and 1:7 mean motion resonances acting to maintain compact structures within the Orionid stream for over 1 kyr. Furthermore, an Orionid outburst in AD 585 recorded by China is confirmed.

Modeling the past and future activity of the Halleyid meteor showers

“…Mean motion resonances (MMRs) with Jupiter play a major role in modulating the level of activity of the η-Aquariid and Orionid showers. In particular, the 1:6 MMR with Jupiter is likely responsible for ancient and recent Halleyid outbursts (Sato & Watanabe 2007;Rendtel 2007Rendtel , 2008Sekhar & Asher 2014;Kinsman & Asher 2020). Sekhar & Asher (2014)'s analysis of the resonant behavior of the Orionid meteoroid stream highlighted the influence of the 1:6 and 2:13 MMR with Jupiter.…”

“…Adopting the same approach, Kinsman & Asher (2017) find a correlation between probable past outbursts of the η-Aquariids in CE 400-600 and Mayan records of meteor activity. The model applied to the Orionids revealed the existence of probable significant outbursts in 417 CE and 585 CE, due to 1:6 and 1:7 MMRs with Jupiter (Kinsman & Asher 2020).…”

Design of Middle School Chemistry Experiment Simulation System Based on Apriori Algorithm

“…Apriori algorithm uses an iterative method called layer by layer search, and k itemsets are used to explore (k+1) itemsets. Firstly, by scanning the database, the count of each item is accumulated, and the items that meet the minimum support are collected to find the set of frequent 1 item set [4]. The set is recorded as L 1 .…”