Orbital inclination and mass of the exoplanet candidate Proxima c

Kervella, P.; Arenou, Frédéric; Schneider, Jean

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037551

Cited by 52 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For instance, Dressing & Charbonneau (2015) predicted 2.5 ± 0.2 small and close-by planets per M star, so we could expect more than 600 new exoplanets to be discovered, outnumbering the number of stellar and sub-stellar objects within 10 pc. Such an optimistic estimation is in line with the recent discovery of small planets around the closest stars, such as Proxima Centauri (two planets: Anglada-Escudé et al 2016;Damasso et al 2020;Kervella et al 2020), Barnard's star (one planet: Ribas et al 2018), or Lalande 21185 (one planet: Díaz et al 2019;Stock et al 2020) 12 . However, even if these new planets are predicted from Kepler's results, we will probably not detect more than a fraction of them in the coming years for several reasons: (i) Planets with periods close to that of stellar rotation will mostly go undetected; (ii) stellar activity will prevent others from being detected; and (iii) close in planets on highly inclined orbits with small sin i values imply small radial-velocity semi-amplitudes.…”

Section: Obsolescencementioning

confidence: 61%

The 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era

Reylé

Jardine²,

Fouqué

et al. 2021

A&A

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Context. The nearest stars provide a fundamental constraint for our understanding of stellar physics and the Galaxy. The nearby sample serves as an anchor where all objects can be seen and understood with precise data. This work is triggered by the most recent data release of the astrometric space mission Gaia and uses its unprecedented high precision parallax measurements to review the census of objects within 10 pc. Aims. The first aim of this work was to compile all stars and brown dwarfs within 10 pc observable by Gaia and compare it with the Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars as a quality assurance test. We complement the list to get a full 10 pc census, including bright stars, brown dwarfs, and exoplanets. Methods. We started our compilation from a query on all objects with a parallax larger than 100 mas using the Set of Identifications, Measurements, and Bibliography for Astronomical Data database (SIMBAD). We completed the census by adding companions, brown dwarfs with recent parallax measurements not in SIMBAD yet, and vetted exoplanets. The compilation combines astrometry and photometry from the recent Gaia Early Data Release 3 with literature magnitudes, spectral types, and line-of-sight velocities. Results. We give a description of the astrophysical content of the 10 pc sample. We find a multiplicity frequency of around 28%. Among the stars and brown dwarfs, we estimate that around 61% are M stars and more than half of the M stars are within the range from M3.0 V to M5.0 V. We give an overview of the brown dwarfs and exoplanets that should be detected in the next Gaia data releases along with future developments. Conclusions. We provide a catalogue of 541 stars, brown dwarfs, and exoplanets in 339 systems, within 10 pc from the Sun. This list is as volume-complete as possible from current knowledge and it provides benchmark stars that can be used, for instance, to define calibration samples and to test the quality of the forthcoming Gaia releases. It also has a strong outreach potential.

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Section: Obsolescencementioning

confidence: 61%

The 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era

Reylé

Jardine²,

Fouqué

et al. 2021

A&A

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“…Independently, Feng et al (2019) combined RV data with PMa data to boost the detection significance of a newly discovered CJ around Indi A. Using measured orbital parameters from RV, Kervella et al (2020) placed a rough constraint on the inclination of the planet candidate Proxima Centauri c.…”

Section: Final Model Of Pmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a high mutual inclination between the cold Jupiter and transiting super Earth orbiting π Men

Xuan

Wyatt

2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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π Men hosts a transiting super Earth (P ≈ 6.27 d, m ≈ 4.82 M⊕, R ≈ 2.04 R⊕) discovered by TESS and a cold Jupiter (P ≈ 2093 d, msin I ≈ 10.02 MJup, e ≈ 0.64) discovered from radial velocity. We use Gaia DR2 and Hipparcos astrometry to derive the star’s velocity caused by the orbiting planets and constrain the cold Jupiter’s sky-projected inclination (Ib = 41 − 65○). From this we derive the mutual inclination (ΔI) between the two planets, and find that 49○ < ΔI < 131○ (1σ), and 28○ < ΔI < 152○ (2σ). We examine the dynamics of the system using N-body simulations, and find that potentially large oscillations in the super Earth’s eccentricity and inclination are suppressed by General Relativistic precession. However, nodal precession of the inner orbit around the invariable plane causes the super Earth to only transit between 7-22 per cent of the time, and to usually be observed as misaligned with the stellar spin axis. We repeat our analysis for HAT-P-11, finding a large ΔI between its close-in Neptune and cold Jupiter and similar dynamics. π Men and HAT-P-11 are prime examples of systems where dynamically hot outer planets excite their inner planets, with the effects of increasing planet eccentricities, planet-star misalignments, and potentially reducing the transit multiplicity. Formation of such systems likely involves scattering between multiple giant planets or misaligned protoplanetary discs. Future imaging of the faint debris disc in π Men and precise constraints on its stellar spin orientation would provide strong tests for these formation scenarios.

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“…Figure 11 illustrates a case where degeneracy in RV can be removed by astrometry. Using the proper motion difference technique or diagnostics representing 'excess' residuals to a single-star fit, there are a few Gaia-based results worth mentioning, such as mass constraints on the cool Super-Earth orbiting Proxima Centauri [71], the inferred true mass for HD 114762b [72], and the first high-quality measurement of highly mutually inclined orbits in the Pi Mensae system [32,152]. 3.…”

Section: Additional Exoplanet Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faint objects in motion: the new frontier of high precision astrometry

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Sky survey telescopes and powerful targeted telescopes play complementary roles in astronomy. In order to investigate the nature and characteristics of the motions of very faint objects, a flexibly-pointed instrument capable of high astrometric accuracy is an ideal complement to current astrometric surveys and a unique tool for precision astrophysics. Such a space-based mission will push the frontier of precision astrometry from evidence of Earth-mass habitable worlds around the nearest stars, to distant Milky Way objects, and out to the Local Group of galaxies. As we enter the era of the James Webb Space Telescope and the new ground-based, adaptive-optics-enabled giant telescopes, by obtaining these high precision measurements on key objects that Gaia could not reach, a mission that focuses on high precision astrometry science can consolidate our theoretical understanding of the local Universe, enable extrapolation of physical processes to remote redshifts, and derive a much more consistent picture of cosmological evolution and the likely fate of our cosmos. Already several missions have been proposed to address the science case of faint objects in motion using high precision astrometry missions: NEAT proposed for the ESA M3 opportunity, micro-NEAT for the S1 opportunity, and Theia for the M4 and M5 opportunities. Additional new mission configurations adapted with technological innovations could be envisioned to pursue accurate measurements of these extremely small motions. The goal of this White Paper is to address the fundamental science questions that are at stake when we focus on the motions of faint sky objects and to briefly review instrumentation and mission profiles.

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Orbital inclination and mass of the exoplanet candidate Proxima c

Cited by 52 publications

References 27 publications

The 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era

The 10 parsec sample in the Gaia era

Evidence for a high mutual inclination between the cold Jupiter and transiting super Earth orbiting π Men

Faint objects in motion: the new frontier of high precision astrometry

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