Orbital Volume Measurements in Enophthalmos Using Three-Dimensional CT Imaging

Individually preformed titanium mesh implants for a true-to-original repair of orbital fractures

“…stereolithographic models) 1,5,7,10,16,18,19,26,37 . In orbital reconstruction, however, intraoperative computer-assisted control of the correct placement of calvarial grafts or bending and adaptation of titanium mesh implants can be time consuming 10 .…”

Topographical CT-data analysis of the human orbital floor

“…Preoperative planning and intraoperative computer-assisted control have helped to improve results in craniomaxillofacial reconstructive surgery 4,8,16,25,31,33,34,37,47 . Good results following one-step orbital reconstruction have been reported at both primary and secondary stage 25,62 .…”

“…There exists a correlation between the nature of an orbital floor fracture and the increase in orbital volume resulting in globe displacement 4,40,42,50 . Due to the complex orbital anatomy, precise 3D reconstruction of orbital injuries remains challenging.…”

Controversies in orbital reconstruction—III. Biomaterials for orbital reconstruction: a review with clinical recommendations

“…53,54 To accomplish this, a reliable material that can reconstruct proper orbital volume and reposition the supporting tissues without significant resorption is required. Numerous materials have been used to achieve anatomical reconstruction and these differ with respect to their stability.…”