Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Hermesh, Haggai; Zohar, Joseph; Weizman, Abraham; Voet, Hillary; Gross‐Isseroff, Ruth

doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(99)00018-8

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Hermesh et al [50] explored olfactory quality discrimination in OCD patients, finding no significant differences in this task between the patients and healthy controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfaction in Affective and Anxiety Disorders: A Review of the Literature

Burón

Bulbena²

2012

Psychopathology

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Background: Olfaction and its relation to mental health is an area of growing interest. Brain areas linked to olfaction partially overlap with brain areas involved in psychiatric disorders; consequently, the study of olfactory function allows us to explore the integrity of these brain areas with a non-invasive and effective method. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to review olfactory function in affective and anxiety disorders. Methods: For this purpose, an extensive literature review of English-language studies on olfactory function in patients with the aforementioned pathologies was performed using several online databases. A manual search of relevant journals and books as well as reference lists from selected papers was also performed. Results: The available data show that depressed patients are usually characterised by preserved olfactory function, except for detection threshold, where contrasting reports have been found. Bipolar disorder has been studied to a lesser extent, but the findings have shown a lack of impairment in most cases. Research on seasonal affective disorders is scant, and future studies are needed to make conclusions. Anxiety disorders have been scarcely approached, but the results note identification deficits in obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders. Conclusions: Olfactory assessment appears to be a complementary, valuable research tool in the study of psychiatric disorders. However, further investigation is needed to improve our understanding of olfactory function in these disorders.

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“…Hermesh et al [50] explored olfactory quality discrimination in OCD patients, finding no significant differences in this task between the patients and healthy controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The available data showed that OCD patients did not exhibit any impairment in olfactory acuity [17,50]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfaction in Affective and Anxiety Disorders: A Review of the Literature

Burón

Bulbena²

2012

Psychopathology

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“…In addition Segalas et al (2014) found that OCD patients’ odor identification errors and odor detection thresholds were associated with volumetric changes in their left medial orbital gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex respectively, brain areas typically implicated in the neurobiology of OCD. Nevertheless, several other studies have found no difference in olfactory discrimination or detection between OCD patients and HC (Locatelli et al, 1996; Barnett et al, 1999; Hermesh et al, 1999; Fenger et al, 2005). Methodological differences between these studies may explain these discrepancies, or olfactory function may be variable within OCD populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Altered olfactory processing and increased insula activity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: An fMRI study

Berlin

Stern

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients show increased insula activation to disgust-inducing images compared to healthy controls (HC). We explored whether this disgust reactivity was also present in the olfactory domain by conducting the first fMRI study of olfaction in OCD. Neural activation in response to pleasant and unpleasant odors (vs. unscented air) was investigated in 15 OCD and 15 HC participants using fMRI. OCD participants (vs. HC) had increased left anterior insula activation to unpleasant odors (vs. unscented air), which positively correlated with their disgust sensitivity and ratings of the unpleasantness and intensity of those odors. OCD participants (vs. HC) showed increased activation of caudate nucleus and left anterior and posterior insula to pleasant odors (vs. unscented air), which positively correlated with their OCD symptom severity, trait anxiety, frequency of feeling disgust, and odor intensity ratings. OCD participants had increased anterior insula activation to both pleasant and unpleasant odors, which correlated with their OCD symptoms, anxiety, disgust sensitivity, and frequency of feeling disgust. OCD patients might have a negative cognitive bias and experience all stimuli, regardless of valence, as being more unpleasant than healthy people. These findings further elucidate the neural underpinnings of OCD and may contribute to more effective treatments.

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“…Because of the partial overlap between the brain structures involved in affective disorders, olfaction and emotion, olfactory impairments can be observed in several psychiatric diseases: major depression (Pause et al, 2001; Atanasova et al, 2010), seasonal affective disorder (Postolache et al, 1999), anorexia nervosa (Kopala et al, 1995), psychoses (Moberg and Turetsky, 2003), and obsessive compulsive disorder (Hermesh et al, 1999). These impairments affect different aspects of olfactory function (i.e., detection threshold, odor identification, discrimination, memory, intensity, familiarity, and pleasantness) and depend on the nature and extent of psychiatric and neurological involvement.…”

Section: Implications Of Odor Mixtures Processing In Individuals Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

The perception of odor objects in everyday life: a review on the processing of odor mixtures

et al. 2014

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Smelling monomolecular odors hardly ever occurs in everyday life, and the daily functioning of the sense of smell relies primarily on the processing of complex mixtures of volatiles that are present in the environment (e.g., emanating from food or conspecifics). Such processing allows for the instantaneous recognition and categorization of smells and also for the discrimination of odors among others to extract relevant information and to adapt efficiently in different contexts. The neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning this highly efficient analysis of complex mixtures of odorants is beginning to be unraveled and support the idea that olfaction, as vision and audition, relies on odor-objects encoding. This configural processing of odor mixtures, which is empirically subject to important applications in our societies (e.g., the art of perfumers, flavorists, and wine makers), has been scientifically studied only during the last decades. This processing depends on many individual factors, among which are the developmental stage, lifestyle, physiological and mood state, and cognitive skills; this processing also presents striking similarities between species. The present review gathers the recent findings, as observed in animals, healthy subjects, and/or individuals with affective disorders, supporting the perception of complex odor stimuli as odor objects. It also discusses peripheral to central processing, and cognitive and behavioral significance. Finally, this review highlights that the study of odor mixtures is an original window allowing for the investigation of daily olfaction and emphasizes the need for knowledge about the underlying biological processes, which appear to be crucial for our representation and adaptation to the chemical environment.

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Orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Cited by 21 publications

References 71 publications

Olfaction in Affective and Anxiety Disorders: A Review of the Literature

Olfaction in Affective and Anxiety Disorders: A Review of the Literature

Altered olfactory processing and increased insula activity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: An fMRI study

The perception of odor objects in everyday life: a review on the processing of odor mixtures

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