Orchid conservation in China from 2000 to 2020: Achievements and perspectives

Abstract

We review achievements in the conservation of orchid diversity in China over the last 21 years. We provide updated information on orchid biodiversity and suggestions for orchid conservation in China. We outline national policies of biodiversity conservation, especially of orchid conservation, which provide general guidelines for orchid conservation in China. There are now approximately 1708 known species of Orchidaceae in 181 genera in China, including five new genera and 365 new species described over the last 21 years. The assessment of risk of extinction of all 1502 known native orchid species in China in 2013 indicated that 653 species were identified as threatened, 132 species were treated as data-deficient, and four species endemic to China were classified as extinct. Approximately 1100 species (ca. 65%) are protected in national nature reserves, and another ~66 species in provincial nature reserves. About 800 native orchid species have living collections in major botanical gardens. The pollination biology of 74 native orchid species and the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of 29 orchid species have been investigated at a local scale and/or across species distributions. The mycorrhizal fungal community composition has been investigated in many genera, such as Bletilla , Coelogyne , Cymbidium , Cypripedium , and Dendrobium . Approximately 292 species will be included in the list of national key protected wild plants this year. Two major tasks for near future include in situ conservation and monitoring population dynamics of endangered species.

Sistem Pemantauan Pertumbuhan Anggrek Berdasarkan Pengolahan Citra Digital

“…Famili anggrek-anggrekan (Orchidaceae) adalah salah satu famili terbesar tanaman berbunga yang memiliki lebih dari 28.000 spesies [1]. Anggrek dapat tumbuh pada are geografis ◼ ISSN (print): 2088-3714, ISSN (online): 2460-7681 IJEIS Vol.…”

On the presence of Cephalanthera caucasica (Orchidaceae) in Russia: rediscovery of a threatened orchid in the Republic of Dagestan

“…The orchid family (Orchidaceae) is one of the most threatened groups of vascular plants (Fay, 2018;Khapugin, 2020;Wraith et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2021). Approximately 28 000 spe�…”

Gastrochilus heminii (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae), a new species from Sichuan, China, based on molecular and morphological data

“… Gastrochilus D.Don ( Orchidaceae , Epidendroideae ; Don 1825 ) is diagnosed by a subdivided labellum with a recurved epichile and a saccate hypochile attached to the column at the base and two subglobose pollinia attached to a slender and filiform stipe ( Tsi 1999 ; Pridgeon et al 2014 ). The genus comprises more than 70 accepted species, most of which are distributed in Southeast Asia ( Kumar et al 2014 ; Liu et al 2016 , 2019 ; Liu and Gao 2018 ; Rao et al 2019 ; Govaerts et al 2021 ; Nguyen et al 2021 ; Zhou et al 2021a , b ; Zhang et al 2022 ). Liu et al (2019) first constructed the phylogenetic relationships of Gastrochilus and divided them into five clades.…”