ORCHIDEE-PEAT (revision 4596), a model for northern peatland CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;, water, and energy fluxes on daily to annual scales

Qiu, Chunjing; Zhu, Dan; Ciais, Philippe; Guenet, Bertrand; Krinner, Gerhard; Peng, Shushi; Aurela, Mika; Bernhofer, Christian; Brümmer, Christian; Bret-Harte, Syndonia; Chu, Housen; Chen, Jiquan; Desai, Ankur R.; Dusek, J.T.; Euskirchen, Eugénie; Fortuniak, Krzysztof; Flanagan, Lawrence B.; Friborg, Thomas; Grygoruk, Mateusz; Gogo, Sébastien; Grünwald, Thomas; Hansen, Birger Ulf; Holl, David; Humphreys, Elyn; Hurkuck, Miriam; Kiely, Gérard; Klatt, Janina; Kutzbach, Lars; Largeron, Chloé; Laggoun‐Défarge, Fatima; Lund, Magnus; Lafleur, Peter M.; Li, Xuefei; Mammarella, Ivan; Merbold, Lutz; Nilsson, Mats; Olejnik, Janusz; Ottosson‐Löfvenius, Mikaell; Oechel, Walter C.; Parmentier, Frans‐Jan W.; Peichl, Matthias; Pirk, Norbert; Peltola, Olli; Pawlak, Włodzimierz; Rasse, Daniel P.; Rinne, Janne; Shaver, Gaius R.; Schmid, Hans Peter; Sottocornola, Matteo; Steinbrecher, R.; Sachs, Torsten; Urbaniak, Marek; Zona, Donatella; Ziemblińska, Klaudia

doi:10.5194/gmd-11-497-2018

Cited by 58 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 113 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Peatlands in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, West Siberia and across the China–Russia border appear as hotspots for CO 2 sequestration in both figures. To evaluate the magnitude of simulated NEE, we compared model output with eddy covariance (EC)‐measured NEE at 30 northern peatland sites (Qiu et al, 2018) with simulated values extracted from grid cells corresponding to these sites. The model shows good performance in capturing observed monthly mean NEE across these peatland sites (Supporting Information Figure S5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the process-based land surface model ORCHIDEE-MICT (Guimberteau et al, 2018), the branch ORCHIDEE-PEAT was developed explicitly to represent peatland-specific hydrological, carbon and area dynamics. ORCHIDEE-PEAT has been tested at both local and regional levels, and a detailed description was provided by Qiu et al (2018Qiu et al ( , 2019. Here, we give only a brief outline of the model.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twelve PFTs are used to represent non-peat vegetation, including eight tree PFTs, two natural grass PFTs (C3 and C4) and two crop PFTs (Krinner et al, 2005). There is only one peat-specific PFT in the present study, representing an average of all vegetation growing in the ecosystem (see dedicated discussion on the peat-specific PFT by Qiu et al, 2018). Parameters of the peat-specific PFT, that is, rooting depth and the maximal rate of carboxylation, were calibrated extensively against observed gross primary productivity (GPP) and net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE) from 30 northern peatland sites, thus it is not applicable for tropical peatlands.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, although the total change in soil carbon is similar between SimYY and SimYN, its attribution to peat versus non-peat is very different. Figure 5 (Qiu et al, 2018) with simulated values extracted from grid cells corresponding to these sites. The model shows good performance in capturing observed monthly mean NEE across these peatland sites (Supporting Information Figure S5).…”

Section: Past and Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The role of northern peatlands in the global carbon cycle for the 21st century

Qiu

Zhu

Ciais

et al. 2020

Global Ecol Biogeogr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim Persistent sinks of atmospheric CO2 in undisturbed peatlands are not included in future projections of the global carbon budget. We aimed to explore possible responses of northern peatlands to future climate change and to quantify the role of northern peatlands in the carbon balance of the Northern Hemisphere. Location The terrestrial Northern Hemisphere (>30° N). Time period 1861–2099. Major taxa studied Not a specific plant species, but a plant functional type is used by the model to represent an average of all vegetation growing in northern peatlands. Methods The ORCHIDEE‐PEAT v.2.0 process‐based land surface model was used to simulate area and carbon dynamics of northern peatlands. The model was driven up to the year 2099 by the global CO2 concentration from representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 6.0 and 8.5 by corresponding climate projections from two general circulation models after bias correction. Results First, from 1861 to 2005 the mean annual carbon balance of northern peatlands was an atmospheric CO2 sink of 0.10 PgC/year, and this sink will roughly double in the future under both RCP2.6 and RCP6.0, whereas the total northern peatlands will be either a source of CO2 (IPSL‐CM5A‐LR) or near neutral (GFDL‐ESM2M) by the end of the century under RCP8.5. Second, the peatlands in western Canada, western and northern Europe may experience reducing areas and may shift from being CO2 sinks to sources, especially under rapid climate warming. Third, peatland enhances soil carbon accumulation in the Northern Hemisphere (lands north of 30° N). Main conclusions In this study, future changes in both northern peatland extent and peatland carbon storage are simulated. We highlight that undisturbed northern peatlands are small but persistent carbon sinks in the future; thus, it is important to protect these ecosystems.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Past and Future Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The role of northern peatlands in the global carbon cycle for the 21st century

Qiu

Zhu

Ciais

et al. 2020

Global Ecol Biogeogr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Current peatland process models (e.g., PCARS, Frolking et al., ; Wetland‐DNDC, Zhang, Li, Trettin, Li, & Sun, ; LPJ‐WHy, Wania, Ross, & Prentice, ; Orchidee, Qiu et al., ) include vegetation in the form of plant functional types, but so far, vegetation community composition is considered as stable. Our results suggest that predictive models of peatland functions under climate change should account for the varying response of different peatland types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of peatland vegetation to 15‐year water level drawdown as mediated by fertility level

Kokkonen

Laine

et al. 2019

J Vegetation Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Questions Peatland ecosystems are a globally important carbon storage that is predicted to turn into a carbon source due to water level drawdown (WLD) associated with climate change. The predictions assume stable plant communities but how realistic is this assumption? If the vegetation is not stable, what are the nature and rate of changes? Location Peatland complex in Southern Finland. Methods We conducted a water level drawdown (WLD of ~10 cm) experiment over 17 years in three peatland types differing in their fertility. On each peatland type, we included an adjacent forestry drained (FD, with water table ca. 40 cm lower than in control) area for comparison. Results Peatland type had a clear impact on the response to WLD: at the ecosystem level, the two minerotrophic fens underwent rapid species turnover, while the vegetation in nutrient‐poor bog was more resilient to change. In nutrient‐rich sites, WLD initiated tree canopy development and created understorey conditions that strengthened impact of WLD. In nutrient‐poor site, tree establishment was seen only in the FD area. In addition to high nutrient level, high wetness accelerated change at the plant community level, where we found three types of responses: accelerating change, decelerating change, and stability. Succession resulted in an overall loss of community heterogeneity. Conclusions Interaction between hydrology, nutrient availability, and biological factors in boreal peatlands is important: the drop in water table required to achieve the shift from open peatland to forested system is inversely proportional to the nutrient level of the system. The results suggest that predictive models of peatland functions under climate change should consider compositional change for fens and their diverse plant communities but are more realistic for bogs. The response of bog vegetation to climate change may, however, be more dependent on changes in rainfall regime and therefore needs to be further addressed.

show abstract

High‐resolution peat volume change in a northern peatland: Spatial variability, main drivers, and impact on ecohydrology

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The depth of the groundwater table below the surface and its spatiotemporal variability are major controls on all major biogeophysical processes in northern peatlands, including ecohydrology, carbon balance, and greenhouse gas exchange. In these ecosystems, water table fluctuations are buffered by compression and expansion of peat. Controls on peat volume change and its spatial variability, however, remain elusive, hampering accurate assessment of climate change impact on functioning of peatlands. We therefore (1) analysed patterning of seasonal surface elevation change at high spatial resolution (0.5 m); (2) assessed its relationship with vegetation, geohydrology, and position within the peatland; and (3) quantified the consequences for peatland surface topography and ecohydrology. Changes in surface elevation were monitored using digital close-range photogrammetry along a transect in a northern peatland from after snowmelt up to midgrowing season (May-July). Surface elevation change was substantial and varied spatially from −0.062 to +0.012 m over the measurement period. Spatial patterns of peat volume change were correlated up to 40.8 m. Spatial variation of peat volume change was mainly controlled by changes in water table, and to a lesser extent to vegetation, with peat volume change magnitude increasing from lawn < hollow < flark. Our observations suggest that patchiness and vertical variability of peatland surface topography are a function of the groundwater table. In dry conditions, the variability of surface elevation increases and more localized groundwater flows may develop. Consequently, spatially variable peat volume change may enhance peatland water retention and thereby sustain carbon uptake during drought.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

show abstract

ORCHIDEE-PEAT (revision 4596), a model for northern peatland CO<sub>2</sub>, water, and energy fluxes on daily to annual scales

Cited by 58 publications

References 113 publications

The role of northern peatlands in the global carbon cycle for the 21st century

The role of northern peatlands in the global carbon cycle for the 21st century

Responses of peatland vegetation to 15‐year water level drawdown as mediated by fertility level

High‐resolution peat volume change in a northern peatland: Spatial variability, main drivers, and impact on ecohydrology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About