Order information in short-term memory.

Detterman, Douglas K.; Brown, Jane

doi:10.1037/h0037163

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, this earlier research does not directly assess our central questions about the effect of explicit order-encoding instructions on free recall, or about the effect of intermixed order tests on free recall. More generally, although prior research indicates that order information can contribute to free recall under certain conditions (e.g., Postman, 1972), the assumption that participants spontaneously use order information in single-trial recall experiments has received mixed support (e.g., Asch & Ebenholtz, 1962;Detterman & Brown, 1974;Jahnke, 1965). 2 At the outset, it is important to assess this assumption within the experimental paradigm typically used to investigate the item-order account.…”

Section: Recent Research On the Item-order Accountmentioning

confidence: 99%

Order information and free recall: Evaluating the item-order hypothesis

Mulligan

Lozito

2007

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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The item-order hypothesis proposes that order information plays an important role in recall from long-term memory, and it is commonly used to account for the moderating effects of experimental design in memory research. Recent research (Engelkamp, Jahn, & Seiler, 2003; McDaniel, DeLosh, & Merritt, 2000) raises questions about the assumptions underlying the item-order hypothesis. Four experiments tested these assumptions by examining the relationship between free recall and order memory for lists of varying length (8, 16, or 24 unrelated words or pictures). Some groups were given standard free-recall instructions, other groups were explicitly instructed to use order information in free recall, and other groups were given free-recall tests intermixed with tests of order memory (order reconstruction). The results for short lists were consistent with the assumptions of the item-order account. For intermediate-length lists, explicit order instructions and intermixed order tests made recall more reliant on order information, but under standard conditions, order information played little role in recall. For long lists, there was little evidence that order information contributed to recall. In sum, the assumptions of the item-order account held for short lists, received mixed support with intermediate lists, and received no support for longer lists.

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Section: Recent Research On the Item-order Accountmentioning

confidence: 99%

Order information and free recall: Evaluating the item-order hypothesis

Mulligan

Lozito

2007

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…Jones, Madden & Miles, 1992;Morton, Crowder & Prussin, 1971;Murdock, 1968); (ii) ordinal recall in which the order of the items must be specified, but output order is not constrained (e.g. Detterman & Brown, 1974); (iii) probed recall using sequential, ordinal or reversed probes (e.g. Avons, Wright & Pammer, 1994;Hitch, 1974;Murdock, 1968;Nairne, Whiteman & Woessner, 1995) ; (iv) serial reconstruction tasks, in which all the list items are presented at the end of the trial and the participant sorts them into serial order (e.g.…”

Section: Verbal Stmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serial report and item recognition of novel visual patterns

Avons

1998

British J of Psychology

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Previous studies of memory for novel visual patterns have reported how item recognition varies across serial positions, but have neglected serial order memory. In Expts 1 and 2 participants reported the order in which short series of novel patterns had been presented. The results showed markedly bowed serial position curves similar to those reported for sequences of verbal items or spatial locations. Concurrent articulation reduced performance in the serial report task relative to the memory task alone (Expt 2) or concurrent tapping (Expt 3) suggesting that a verbal component was involved. When two-alternative forced choice tests were used to test memory for the configuration of each pattern in the series, no primacy or recency was found (Expt 4). In Expt 5 the presentation of a series of five items was followed at random by either a serial report or the two-choice item recognition task. The serial position curves for the two tasks remained different, suggesting that encoding strategies were not responsible. The results show that bowed serial position curves are found when judgments of serial order are required, even when phonological coding is discouraged, whereas memory for item descriptions is independent of serial position. The implications for current conceptualizations of short-term memory are discussed.

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“…There is now considerable evidence from studies involving judgments of recency paradigms (Hinrichs & Buschke, 1968;Wells, 1974;Yntema & Trask, 1963) and from studies examining memory for location or serial position (Detterman & Brown, 1974;Hintzman & Block, 1971, Experiment I;Hintzman, Block, & Summers, 1973) that subjects presented with a serial list learn something about the location of words in it. This suggests that the accessibility of such temporal information, some "time tag" dating the occurrence of words, may be an important condition for their recognition or recall as members of some series of items (Tulving & Madigan, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recall and use of serial position information.

Toglia¹,

Kimble²

1976

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory

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Memory for serial position was examined in two experiments, while a third study investigated the extent to which such information could be put to use. In Experiments 1 and 2 a list of words was presented, and then subjects were given both a recognition test and then asked to judge the location of the items they recognized. Judgment frequencies indicated a strong bias for guessing middle-position locations. The data, corrected to remove this bias, revealed that subjects retained considerable serial position, knowledge, especially for primacy and recency words. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this pattern did not depend upon instructions to study for a serial position test, and Experiment 2 indicated a positive relationship between location accuracy and recognition confidence. In addition, these experiments provided no evidence for the idea that falsely recognized associates of training words would be located in positions corresponding to target-word locations. In Experiment 3 subjects were required to recall words from particular portions of the list. Word recall by position essentially mirrored location recall of list items as found in the previous experiments.

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Order information in short-term memory.

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Order information and free recall: Evaluating the item-order hypothesis

Order information and free recall: Evaluating the item-order hypothesis

Serial report and item recognition of novel visual patterns

Recall and use of serial position information.

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