Order of amino acid inclusion in the diet of DeKalb White laying hens

Abstract

Three hundred and twenty-four DeKalb White laying hens aged 42 weeks were distributed in a completely randomised design with nine treatments and six replicates of six birds in each treatment. The experiment lasted 112 days. [Trp]. Regarding the quality of the eggs, the percentage of yolk and albumen, shell thickness and Haugh unit were not affected by the different diets. The percentage of shell, specific gravity and albumen height showed significant differences. We found that supplementation of only one amino acid in the diet (T 7 , T 8 or T 9 ), with the exception of methionine (T 6 ), worsened performance relative to the control. Supplementation of three amino acids (methionine, lysine and threonine; T 5 ) or four amino acids (methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan; T 4 ) worsened egg production and conversion per mass and per dozen eggs; however, feed intake and egg weight and mass were similar to the control treatment. When all amino acids (methionine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, isoleucine and valine; T 2 ) were supplemented performance was similar to the control treatment in all variables. Supplementation of methionine, lysine and threonine is essential for birds in the laying phase; however the addition of six essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine and isoleucine) to the diet of laying hens is important for a good productive performance comparable with the control treatment T 1 . However, the inclusion of the latter two (isoleucine and valine) is justified only if the production cost is lower. . Em relação à qualidade dos ovos, a porcentagem de gema e albúmen, espessura de casca e a unidade Haugh não foram afetadas pelas dietas diferentes. A percentagem de casca, gravidade específica e altura do albúmen mostraram diferenças significativas. Verificou-se que a suplementação de apenas um aminoácido na dieta (T 7 ; T 8 ou T 9 ), com a exceção de metionina (T 6 ), piorou o desempenho das aves em relação a aves que consumiram a dieta controle. A suplementação de três aminoácidos (metionina, lisina e treonina; T 5 ) ou quatro aminoácidos (metionina, lisina, treonina e triptofano; T 4 ) agravou a produção de ovos e conversão por massa e por dúzia de ovos; no entanto, o consumo de ração e peso dos ovos e massa de ovos, o desempenho foi semelhante ao tratamento controle T 1 . Quando todos os aminoácidos (metionina, lisina, treonina, triptofano, isoleucina e valina; T 2 ) foram suplementados a dieta, o desempenho foi semelhante ao tratamento de controle em todas as variáveis. A suplementação de metionina, lisina e treonina é essencial para as aves na fase de colocação, no entanto, a adição de seis aminoácidos essenciais (lisina, metionina, treonina, triptofano, valina e isoleucina) à dieta de galinhas poedeiras é importante para um bom desempenho produtivo comparável com o tratamento controle. No entanto, a inclusão dos dois últimos (isoleucina e valina) só se justifica o custo de produção é menor. Palavras-chave: Aminoácidos limitantes. Desempenho. Excreção de n...

The Order of Limiting Amino Acids in a Wheat–Sorghum-Based Reduced-Protein Diet for Laying Hens

“…Branched-chain AAs can regulate fatty acid metabolism in the liver [60], which plays a vital role in hepatic lipoprotein production, an important limiting factor for egg formation [61]. It has been presumed that the Leu requirement can be met by various sources of protein in diets [25], but it appears that supplementation of Ile and Val in RP diets is necessary to maintain egg production, egg weight, and egg mass [28,62]. Moreover, an antagonism effect between Ile, Val, and Leu may appear at higher concentrations in higher-protein diets compared to the RP diets [63,64].…”

“…Eight subsequent dietary treatments were formulated by the deletion method as described by Fernandez, et al [19], whereby each specific AA was removed from the RP-EAA diet: tryptophan (RP-EAA-Trp), valine (RP-EAA-Val), isoleucine (RP-EAA-Ile), arginine (RP-EAA-Arg), leucine (RP-EAA-Leu), histidine (RP-EAA-His), phenylalanine (RP-EAA-Phe), and glycine equivalent (RP-EAA-Gly) (Table 1). The CP level in the SP diet was per Hy-Line Brown nutritional recommendations [35], while the CP levels in the RP diets were selected followed the recommendations of previous studies on RP diets [28,36]. The levels of essential AAs were selected based on Hy-Line Brown nutritional recommendations [35].…”

“…For example, Kidd, et al [3] observed that the inclusion of crystalline Met, Lys, Thr, Val, Ile, and Arg into broiler chicken diets permitted the dietary levels of soybean meal and CP to be reduced by up to 50% and 20%, respectively. Moreover, Vieira, et al [28] found that egg production and feed efficiency were similar in laying hens fed a corn-soybean meal RP diet (140 g/kg CP) supplemented with Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ile, and Val compared to those fed a standard-protein diet with 160 g/kg CP.…”

“…This may reflect the greater egg production and different body development rates in modern-strain layers compared to breeds used decades ago. Vieira, et al [28] indicated that other AAs, such as Trp, Val and Ile, are just as important as Met, Lys, and Thr for laying hen performance. Thus, priority AAs in formulating RP diets for laying hens still need to be explored.…”

Supplementation of L‐glycine and L‐glutamate to Japanese quails from 01 to 36 days of age using the ideal protein concept

“…Lowering costs and increasing productive efficiency are key premises considered in the commercial production of broilers, laying hens and quails. In this sense, the reduction of dietary crude protein levels based on the ideal protein concept and the supplementation of limiting amino acids are subject of several research efforts (Gheisari, Asasi, Mostafa, & Mohsenifard, ; Hernandez et al, ; McGill, Kamyab, & Firman, ; Vasconcellos et al, ; Vieira et al, ).…”