Ordered conjugated polymer nano- and microstructures: Structure control for improved performance of organic electronics

Zhai, Lei; Khondaker, Saiful I.; Thomas, Jayan; Chen, Shen; McInnis, Matthew

doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2014.10.004

Cited by 42 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 190 publications

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“…Compared to device A with post-annealing treatment, device B has the strongest peak intensity, which is consistent with the micrographs of the TIPS-pentacene films, indicating that the TIPS-pentacene deposited with 60°C in situ annealing treatment yields the best crystallinity of TIPSpentacene. When the substrate temperature increases to 90 and 120°C, an inferior order of TIPSpentacene was formed, which was responsible for the decline in the device performance [40].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of In Situ Annealing Treatment on the Mobility and Morphology of TIPS-Pentacene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors

et al. 2017

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In this work, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a bottom gate top contact structure were fabricated by using a spray-coating method, and the influence of in situ annealing treatment on the OFET performance was investigated. Compared to the conventional post-annealing method, the field-effect mobility of OFET with 60°C in situ annealing treatment was enhanced nearly four times from 0.056 to 0.191 cm 2 /Vs. The surface morphologies and the crystallization of TIPS-pentacene films were characterized by optical microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-ray diffraction. We found that the increased mobility was mainly attributed to the improved crystallization and highly ordered TIPS-pentacene molecules.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of In Situ Annealing Treatment on the Mobility and Morphology of TIPS-Pentacene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors

et al. 2017

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“…The main purpose of the introduction of such nanostructures is to build well‐organized pathways for charge transport so that charge carriers can be collected at electrodes without severe losses. Fabrication of the ordered nanostructures has usually been achieved by exploiting molecular self‐assembly and nanostructured templates . In the following, we discuss the two most widely studied ordered nanostructures: ordered BHJ structure and 1D PNW.…”

Section: Morphology Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sizes of the donor and acceptor columns should be comparable with the exciton diffusion length for efficient exciton separation. Such straight charge‐transport pathways are expected to reduce charge recombination, decrease the travel lengths of carriers to electrodes, and finally, increase the PCE …”

Section: Morphology Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Morphology Optimization for Organic Photovoltaics

et al. 2018

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Organic photovoltaics are an important part of a next-generation energy-harvesting technology that uses a practically infinite pollutant-free energy source. They have the advantages of light weight, solution processability, cheap materials, low production cost, and deformability. However, to date, the moderate photovoltaic efficiencies and poor stabilities of organic photovoltaics impede their use as replacements for inorganic photovoltaics. Recent developments in bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics mean that they have almost reached the lower efficiency limit for feasible commercialization. In this review article, the recent understanding of the ideal bulk-heterojunction morphology of the photoactive layer for efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport is described, and recent attempts as well as early-stage trials to realize this ideal morphology are discussed systematically from a morphological viewpoint. The various approaches to optimizing morphologies consisting of an interpenetrating bicontinuous network with appropriate domain sizes and mixed regions are categorized, and in each category, the recent trends in the morphology control on the multilength scale are highlighted and discussed in detail. This review article concludes by identifying the remaining challenges for the control of active layer morphologies and by providing perspectives toward real application and commercialization of organic photovoltaics.

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“…These features will both enhance the sensitivity to the short-ranging electric field generated by charge variation on the submolecular scale. Additional effects that could be imagined to affect the KPFM contrast include possible relaxations of the tip or the probed molecule, finite polarizability of the tip and polarization of the probed molecule under application of an electric field 21 or due to chemical interactions 19 . However, we have found that the measured KPFM signal appears to be completely independent of the current and frequency shift signals (a bending of the tip molecule, for example, should also affect the tunnelling current).…”

Section: X22 Visualization Techniques With Submolecular Resolution:mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15][16][17] The interface between organic and inorganic phases in hybrid materials has shown to be responsible for key functions in many types of electronic devices ranging from Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) and Organic Thin Film Transistors (OTFT) to Organic Photovoltaics (OPV). [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The key advantages for using organic functional materials as components in electronic devices lie in their light-weight, high mechanical flexibility and ease of industrial processing.…”

Section: X1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CHAPTER 8. Aromatic Molecules on Metallic Surfaces: Structure and Reactivity

Marangoni¹,

Cloke²,

Fischer³

2016

Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry

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In this chapter, a decade-long series of investigations about aromatic molecules on metallic surfaces has been reviewed. The most relevant studies regarding both structural investigation and chemical reactivity of aromatic systems on metallic surface is described. A major emphasis has been placed on the investigation techniques that allow for a direct visualization of the structural and electronic properties of both isolated and extended aromatic systems on surface (e.g. Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy, non contact-Atomic Force Microscopy and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy). The synthesis, imaging and characterization of structure such as extended polyaromatic hydrocarbon, 1-D assembly, 2-D network and Graphene Nanoribbons are discussed. Among the different types of reactions, surface mediated reactions, such as acetylene homocoupling, cyclodehydrogenation, cycloaddition and metal-coordination, have been described. a feedback loop in order to maintain a constant user-defined tunnelling current. The final STM image is then reconstructed from the feedback signal. From the time of its invention, Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy has been used to investigate the structure and properties of a wide range of molecules and materials such as isolated organic and bio-molecules, supramolecular systems and 2-D inorganic crystals. 29-33 However, although atomic resolution has been obtained for a wide range of crystalline surfaces, atomic resolution on molecules adsorbed on metallic surface has only been achieved very recently. Two SPM techniques able to achieve such kind of spatial resolution are Scanning Tunnelling Hydrogen Microscopy (STHM) and Non-Contact Atomic Force Microscopy (nc-AFM). 33 In both cases, the key to enable the direct visualization of individual bonds and atoms in individual molecules is the functionalization of the probe with diatomic molecules, such as dihydrogen or carbon monoxide for STHM and nc-AFM, respectively. Figure X.2. Schematic representation (A) of the STHM setup. Molecular structure (B) of the PTDCA molecule (Grey: Carbon, White: Hydrogen, Red: Oxygen). STHM image of PTCDA molecule (C,D) on Au(111) in its herringbone phase (image size 2.5 nm × 2.5 nm) (Reproduced from ref. 35 with permission from The American Chemical Society). Molecular model (F) of pentacene (Grey: Carbon, White: Hydrogen). Constant current mode STM (G) and CO tip functionalized nc-AFM images (H-I) of pentacene on Cu(111) (Reproduced from ref. 38 with permission from the American Association for the Advancement of Science). The first technique, STHM, was developed by Tamirov and co-workers. 34, 35 Atomic resolution on isolated flat aromatic molecules was obtained when the STM chamber was flooded with molecular dihydrogen or dideuterium (Figure X.2A). High sensitivity of the STM tunnelling junction with molecular hydrogen was achieved by leaking ultrapure hydrogen (99.9999 %) into the LT-STM (low temperature STM) chamber at a pressure varying between 10-9 and 10-7 mbar. Using this technique Tamirov et al. were able to obtain subm...

show abstract

Ordered conjugated polymer nano- and microstructures: Structure control for improved performance of organic electronics

Cited by 42 publications

References 190 publications

Effect of In Situ Annealing Treatment on the Mobility and Morphology of TIPS-Pentacene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Effect of In Situ Annealing Treatment on the Mobility and Morphology of TIPS-Pentacene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Recent Advances in Morphology Optimization for Organic Photovoltaics

CHAPTER 8. Aromatic Molecules on Metallic Surfaces: Structure and Reactivity

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