Ordered Macro/Microporous Ionic Organic Framework for Efficient Separation of Toxic Pollutants from Water

Fajal, Sahel; Mandal, Writakshi; Shirolkar, Mandar M.; Let, Sumanta; Das, Neeladri; Ghosh, Sujit K.

doi:10.1002/anie.202214095

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…61 Due to their wide range of commercial applications, these anions are often present in industrial wastewater effluents beyond the permissible limits. 62 This contributes significantly to environmental water pollution and consequently adversely affects the health of terrestrial animals and aquatic flora and fauna. 63 For example, picric acid is used in the manufacturing of explosives, colored glasses, leather goods, medicines, pesticides, fine chemicals, and dye stains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triptycene-Based Cationic Porous Organic Polymer for the Swift and Effective Removal of Organic and Inorganic Anionic Water Pollutants

Hassan,

Das

2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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Inadequate access to clean water is an acute problem that is known to affect a sizable human population residing in several parts of our planet. Continuous growth in industrialization, energy production, and mining activities has significantly increased the presence of various environmental contaminants in water sources, including heavy metal ions, emerging organic pollutants, and radioactive nuclear wastes. Innovative methods are urgently needed in this sector as current technologies for purifying polluted water are often either expensive, operationally slow, have limited sustainability, or are restricted to specific pollutants. To address these concerns, it is necessary to develop improved and costeffective water treatment technologies. Herein, a positively charged porous organic polymer (TP_iPOP-2) was synthesized via a facile onestep Menskhutin reaction. Subsequent to characterization, TP_iPOP-2 was tested as an adsorbent for the removal of several commonly detected anionic water pollutants. Experimental results show that TP_iPOP-2 has a remarkable potential to absorb diverse inorganic and organic water contaminants, such as CrO 4 2− , TcO 4 − , I 3 − , picrate, and organic dyes (alizarin red S and methyl orange) with high uptake capacities in each case. Simultaneously, TP_iPOP-2 also exhibited fast sieving kinetics toward these pollutants. Our results demonstrate the ability of TP_iPOP-2 to successfully purify water containing a wider spectrum of contaminants. In addition, the effectiveness of TP_iPOP-2 in capturing toxic pollutants did not change to any significant extent, even in the presence of other competitive anions. The TP_iPOP-2 also shows high distribution coefficients (K d > 10 5 mg/L), which is a characteristic feature of a good adsorbent. Overall, TP_iPOP-2 has most of the features that are expected for an ideal adsorbent for water purification. Hence, TP_iPOP-2 has the potential to be an affordable alternative to the adsorbent materials currently employed in water treatment applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triptycene-Based Cationic Porous Organic Polymer for the Swift and Effective Removal of Organic and Inorganic Anionic Water Pollutants

Hassan,

Das

2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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“…The hierarchically porous network structure, along with smaller exchangeable chloride ions in the polymer matrix, was responsible for the fast uptake kinetics. [ 36 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 31–33 ] Recently, ionic POPs, [ 33–35 ] fabricated through the integration of charged building blocks or post‐synthetic modification, have been demonstrated as suitable materials for the removal of toxic oxoanions through an ion‐exchange process. [ 36 ] Ghosh and co‐workers developed a viologen‐based porous organic polymer via the Zincke reaction for oxoanion removal through chloride ion exchange. [ 2 ] Ma and co‐workers designed a cationic porous organic polymer, QUST‐iPOP‐1, through quaternization between the monomers, tris(4‐imidazolylphenyl)amine and cyanuric chloride, followed by the post‐synthetic modification with benzyl bromide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyridinium‐Functionalized Ionic Porous Organic Polymer for Rapid Scavenging of Oxoanions from Water

Nayak

Sahoo

Naidu

et al. 2023

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Metal oxoanions adversely affect the food chain through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Therefore, they are among the major freshwater contaminants that require immediate remediation. Although several adsorbents are developed over the years for sequestering these micropollutants, the selective removal of oxoanions remains still a formidable challenge. Herein, pyridinium and triazine‐based ionic porous organic polymer, iPOP‐Cl, developed through a Brønsted acid‐catalyzed aminal formation reaction, is reported as a suitable anion exchange material for the selective removal of metal oxoanions from wastewater. The positively charged nitrogen centers, along with exchangeable chloride counter‐ions in the porous polymer, allow facile oxoanion uptake. iPOP‐Cl is found to be a selective scavenger of permanganate (MnO4−) and dichromate (Cr2O72−) from water in the presence of a high concentration of competing anions generally found in brackish water. The material exhibits fast sorption kinetics, a high uptake capacity (333 mg g−1 for MnO4− and 358 mg g−1 for Cr2O72−), and excellent recyclability.

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“…Currently, wet scrubbing (using alkaline solutions, such as NaOH or Hg(NO 3 ) 2 ) as well as solid phase adsorption (using silver salts, zeolites, minerals containing bismuth-oxy iodide, activated carbon, and others) are widely used for the removal of radioiodine present in various off-gas streams. ,, However, such techniques suffer from drawbacks such as complicated process equipment, unstable hazardous product generation, severe corrosion and fouling of equipment, relatively poor absorption capacities, poor recyclability, and high expenditure due the use of expensive sorbents (such as silver-loaded zeolites). ,,− This necessitates the need to develop alternate materials with good chemical stability that can capture iodine even under extreme conditions such as those present in the reprocessing of UNF. In this context, covalently linked organic networks (such as porous organic polymers, covalent organic frameworks, and others) are known to show improved performance with superior uptake capacity of iodine species. ,,− These materials have a low skeletal density and numerous active sites which improve the overall uptake capacities significantly . A judicious selection of monomers can lead to high yields of these porous organic polymers via simple and well-known polymerization reactions such as metal-catalyzed cross-coupling and polycondensation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Stable and Heteroatom Containing Porous Organic Polymers for Efficient Iodine Vapor Capture and its Storage

Das

2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The uses of nuclear reactions are gaining importance in energy and medical therapy applications. Production and safe management of radioactive waste is a major operational challenge. Proper treatment and storage of nuclear waste are important while considering nuclear energy for various applications. While reprocessing used nuclear fuel (UNF), handling of volatile radioactive wastes (e.g., radioisotopes of iodine: 129I/131I) requires special attention. Iodine is present in off-gas streams as either molecular iodine (I2) or organic iodides. 129I is less radioactive than 131I, but has an extremely long half-life. Both are highly toxic, and their nearly quantitative retention from off-gas streams requires packing of iodine filters with efficient adsorbents. Thus, there is a need to develop materials with efficient iodine vapor capture/storage capabilities. Herein, a set of four porous organic polymers are presented that are rich in heteroatoms and possess abundant π-arene motifs with which p-orbitals on iodine can interact effectively via charge-transfer complexations. To mimic the conditions of a UNF reprocessing facility, gas-phase iodine capture experiments were performed under various conditions (dry/humid conditions and at 75 °C/25 °C). The maximum iodine uptake capacity of one of the materials (HPOP-4: 6.25 g/g at 75 °C and 4.35 g/g at 25 °C) is higher than several other iodine vapor adsorbents reported to date. The retention of trapped iodine by HPOPs at 25 °C is also quite remarkable with only 2–3% weight loss from iodine-loaded HPOPs, which makes HPOPs potential material for the storage/transportation of captured radioiodine. The results confirm desirable properties in HPOPs such as facile synthesis, high physiochemical stabilities, good moisture tolerance, rapid adsorption kinetics, and efficient reusability with low compromise in capture performance upon regeneration. These benefits render HPOPs as strong contenders for packing filters used for retaining radioiodine during cleaning either off-gas streams or annulus exhaust air (during “loss of coolant accident”).

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Ordered Macro/Microporous Ionic Organic Framework for Efficient Separation of Toxic Pollutants from Water

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Triptycene-Based Cationic Porous Organic Polymer for the Swift and Effective Removal of Organic and Inorganic Anionic Water Pollutants

Triptycene-Based Cationic Porous Organic Polymer for the Swift and Effective Removal of Organic and Inorganic Anionic Water Pollutants

Pyridinium‐Functionalized Ionic Porous Organic Polymer for Rapid Scavenging of Oxoanions from Water

Chemically Stable and Heteroatom Containing Porous Organic Polymers for Efficient Iodine Vapor Capture and its Storage

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