Ordovician lithologic associations of the world

Ronov, A. B.; Khain, V. E.; Seslavinskiy, K. B.

doi:10.1080/00206817609471358

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The UNESCO maps do not consistently dis tinguish among sedimentary rock types. In order to determine the general lithology of sedimentary outcrops, we rely on the widely cited and generally accepted data from Ronov (1964Ronov ( ,1978Ronov ( ,1980Ronov ( ,1994 and coworkers (Ronov and Khain 1954,1955,1956,1961,1962Ronov et al 1974aRonov et al ,b, 1976Khain et al 1975;Khain and Seslavinskiy 1977; Khain and Balukhovskiy 1979) on the total (surface and subsur face) areal extents and thicknesses of Phaner ozoic sedimentary successions on each major continent (except Antarctica), determined from an exhaustive survey of surface outcrop and well log information and parsed by li thology. We classified component lithofacies as either marine (including chert, phosphorite, evaporite, marine and pelagic carbonate, coaly marine siliciclastics, marine siliciclastics, ma rine molasse, flysch, and pelagic clay) or ter restrial (including glacial deposits, continen tal redbeds, coaly continental siliciclastics, and continental molasse).…”

Section: Paleontologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Raup: exploring the influence of outcrop area on diversity in light of modern sample-standardization techniques

Wall¹,

Ivany²,

Wilkinson³

2009

Paleobiology

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Since David Raup's seminal 1976 work, paleontologists have been aware of the relationship between outcrop area and diversity. By incorporating lithologic data derived from Alexander Ronov and coworkers into our own data on areas of mapped outcrops from worldwide geologic maps, we are able to establish a quantitative connection between area of sedimentary rock exposure and diversity from the same general depositional environments. Significant power-law relations are observed at both global and continental scales of consideration. The addition of data on areas of habitable area estimated from paleogeographic maps does not substantially affect these correlations between outcrop area and diversity, indicating that the relation between outcrop area and diversity is primarily a function of sampling and not a common cause such as sea level. We observe a significant diversity-area effect, first noted by Jack Sepkoski in the marine realm. Unlike Sepkoski's, however, our diversity-area effect appears to play a substantial role in influencing diversity through time; a true global diversity signal appears to be contained in the rock record despite the impacts of variable sampling.Greater outcrop area can serve to increase estimated diversity by increasing both the sample size and the range of habitats and biogeographic provinces sampled. After standardizing for pure sampling intensity by rarefying the number of taxon occurrences, outcrop area continues to explain a substantial portion of global marine diversity. This indicates that coverage, or sampling from multiple habitats and biogeographic provinces, is even more important than sampling intensity. If we remove the effect of outcrop area from our estimate of global biodiversity, we do not observe a net increase in diversity toward the present, lending support to other studies that have not supported a substantial, long-term global increase in biodiversity during the Phanerozoic.

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Section: Paleontologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Raup: exploring the influence of outcrop area on diversity in light of modern sample-standardization techniques

Wall¹,

Ivany²,

Wilkinson³

2009

Paleobiology

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“…Estimates of surviving amounts of Phanerozoic sediment were derived from two sources. The first comprised a tabulation of data from Ronov and coworkers (Ronov and Khain 1954, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1962Ronov et al 1974aRonov et al , 1974bRonov et al , 1976Khain et al 1975;Khain and Seslavinskiy 1977;Khain and Balukhovskiy 1979 [hereafter referred to collectively as the Ronov data]). These sources include surviving sediment areas, thicknesses, and volumes for shallow-marine settings from all continents exclusive of Antarctica, partitioned by epoch.…”

Section: Cycling Rates and Phanerozoic Rock Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continental Drift and Phanerozoic Carbonate Accumulation in Shallow‐Shelf and Deep‐Marine Settings

Walker

Wilkinson

Ivany³

2002

The Journal of Geology

144

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Knowledge of past rates of transfer of rock-forming materials among the principal geologic reservoirs is central to understanding causes and magnitudes of change in earth surface processes over Phanerozoic time. To determine typical rates of global sediment cycling, we compiled information on area, volume, and lithology of shallow-water sediments by epoch for both terrigenous clastics and marine carbonates. Data on amounts of surviving continental terrigenous rock (as opposed to deep oceanic, and including "terrestrial," "marginal marine," and "marine" deposits) exhibit positive age/area trends wherein greatest areas and volumes of conglomerate, sandstone, and shale are represented by younger sequences. Global volumes of terrigenous-clastic sediment yield a mean cycling rate of 0.00124/ m.yr., similar to that determined for Eurasian (0.00127), North American (0.00058 [A. B. Ronov], 0.00352 [T. D. Cook and A. W. Bally]), African (0.0017), and South American (0.0021) clastic sequences. Surficial erosion results in the mean destruction of ∼0.124% of terrigenous rock volume per million years of reservoir age. In contrast, surviving epicratonic and shelf-margin carbonate sequences yield negative cycling rates of about Ϫ0.164%/m.yr. Surviving areas and volumes increase with sequence age; that is, the amount of limestone and dolostone preserved in shallow-water settings increases back in time to maximal areal extents in the Middle and Upper Cambrian. Mass/age data on terrigenous-clastic successions indicate generally constant rates of crustal erosion over Phanerozoic time. Decrease in size of the shallow-marine carbonate reservoir forward in time therefore suggests generally invariant rates of global limestone accumulation and a shift in sites of accumulation from shallow-cratonic to deep-oceanic settings over much of the past 540 m.yr. Causes of this eon-scale depositional translocation of carbonate sediment from shallowto deep-marine settings cannot be satisfactorily linked to either changes in global sea level or the evolution of carbonate-producing plankton because neither exhibits a pattern of unidirectional change in position or abundance since the Early Phanerozoic. However, tabulation of long-term variation in areas of continental shelves from paleogeographic maps reveals a generally uniform decrease in low-latitude (!30Њ) platform area with decreasing age over most of the Phanerozoic. Moreover, rate of change of low-latitude shelf area (∼ km 2 /m.yr.) is almost exactly 3 52.6 # 10 the rate of change in the area of shallow-water carbonate sequences (∼ km 2 /m.yr.) over the same interval. 3 63.0 # 10 This agreement suggests that poleward movement of the major continents over the past 540 m.yr. has had a substantial impact on patterns of global carbonate accumulation. The long-term effect of decreasing low-latitude shelf area has been augmented, particularly over the last 100 m.yr., by eustatic sea level fall and the diversification of open-ocean calcifiers. The evolution of calcareous plankton in the Late Paleozo...

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“…As the atlas lacks detailed lithological information, the Ronov dataset, also utilized by Kalmar & Currie (2010), was employed. These data consist of estimates by both Ronov (1964Ronov ( , 1978Ronov ( , 1980Ronov ( , 1994 and coworkers (Ronov & Khain 1954, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1962Ronov et al 1974aRonov et al , b, 1976Khain et al 1975, Khain & Seslavinskiy 1977Khain & Balukhovskiy 1979) of total volumes and areas of rock both exposed and in the subsurface. We parse the dataset into terrestrial and marine lithologies and assume that the relative volumetric proportion of terrestrial and marine lithologies in the subsurface is the same as the relative areal proportion on the surface.…”

Section: Outcrop Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of outcrop area on estimates of Phanerozoic terrestrial biodiversity trends

Wall

Ivany

Wilkinson

2011

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Studies of biodiversity through time have primarily focused on the marine realm which is generally considered to have a more complete record than terrestrial environments. Recently, this assumption has been challenged, and it has been argued that the record of life on land is comparable or even more robust than that of the shallow oceans. Moreover, it has been claimed that terrestrial successions preserve an exponential rise in diversity, even when corrected for sampling biases such as changes in continental rock volume through time. We evaluate relations between terrestrial diversity and exposed areas of terrestrial sediments using our compiled data on areas of global continental outcrops and generic diversity from the Paleobiology Database. Terrestrial global generic diversity and terrestrial outcrop area are highly correlated following a linear relation. No significant correlation is observed between habitat area and either outcrop area or biodiversity, suggesting that the observed relation between diversity and outcrop area is not driven by a common cause, such as eustasy. We do find evidence for a small residual increase in diversity through time after removing the effect of outcrop area, but caution that this may be driven by an increased proportion of terrestrial fauna with high preservation potential.

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Ordovician lithologic associations of the world

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Revisiting Raup: exploring the influence of outcrop area on diversity in light of modern sample-standardization techniques

Revisiting Raup: exploring the influence of outcrop area on diversity in light of modern sample-standardization techniques

Continental Drift and Phanerozoic Carbonate Accumulation in Shallow‐Shelf and Deep‐Marine Settings

Impact of outcrop area on estimates of Phanerozoic terrestrial biodiversity trends

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