Ordovician rhynchonelliformean brachiopods from Co. Waterford, SE Ireland: Palaeobiogeography of the Leinster Terrane

The Middle Ordovician conodont genera that are suitable for palaeoenvironmental interpretations from the epicontinental Baltoscandian platform have been identified and evaluated to establish and describe conodont biofacies and their relationship to global cooling. The construction of biofacies was based on multivariate statistical analyses of more than 375 700 conodont specimens from 520 samples and 21 localities across Baltica. Three distinct, recurrent and laterally extensive conodont biofacies existed across the Baltoscandian platform of the Baltica continent during the Dapingian and early to middle Darriwilian stages (Middle Ordovician). A relatively shallow water conodont assemblage named the Baltoniodus–Microzarkodina Biofacies characterized the inner shelf localities in central Sweden, Estonia, Russia and Ukraine. In the distal shelf areas, patterns are more complex. Here, genera of the Periodon Biofacies characterized the shelf margin areas of the Scandinavian Caledonides facing the relatively warm Iapetus Ocean towards the north, whereas the Protopanderodus Biofacies dominated the distal shelf areas facing the cooler Tornquist Sea towards the south‐west. Although these three main biofacies continued to dominate during the succeeding Darriwilian stage, distinct changes in the distribution of biofacies took place during the transition from the Dapingian Stage to the Darriwilian. We argue that the biofacies change was triggered by a regressive event related to early Darriwilian cooling, and that the palaeoclimatological changes influenced the Baltic conodont faunas near the Tornquist Sea margin before those of the Iapetus margin (early vs middle Darriwilian).

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“…() and Liljeroth et al . (). Conodonts from the three indicated Gondwanan localities, Morrocco, Perunica and Oman, are discussed in the text.…”

Section: Distribution Of Conodonts Related To Climate and Water Tempementioning

confidence: 97%

Baltoscandian conodont biofacies fluctuations and their link to Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) global cooling

Rasmussen

Stouge

2018

Palaeontology

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“…One of them, Enriquetoechia , is endemic to the Peruvian Altiplano. The other new genus described here, Altiplanotoechia , is likely present in the Argentinian western Puna, the Ganderia and Monian composite (including Anglesey) terranes (both likely located west of Avalonia forming an island arc at intermediate latitudes between Gondwana and Laurentia), and the Dashwoods (New World Island) and Moretown (St. Albans, Vermont) terranes (both likely located near Laurentia) (see Domeier, 2016 and Liljeroth et al, 2017, for estimated position of these island arcs during the Cambrian–Ordovician times). Pomatotrema is a genus previously known only in the Laurentian realm and South China.…”

Section: Paleobiogeographical Remarksmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…These island arcs collided with Laurentia in the Taconic Orogeny and may have closed the main tract of the Iapetus Ocean in the Floian (Macdonald et al, 2014, 2017; Karabinos et al, 2017), much earlier than previous estimates (i.e., Late Ordovician, van Staal et al, 2012 and references therein). After their docking with Laurentia, faunal transfer with the Scoto-Appalachian Province might have been facilitated (Neuman, 1984; Neuman and Harper, 1992; Harper et al, 1996; Liljeroth et al, 2017). The faunal dispersal mechanisms discussed in the preceding may also explain the slight diachronism existing among the Peruvian, Celtic, and peri-Laurentian faunas, with younger occurrences in the latter.…”

Section: Paleobiogeographical Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of Lower–?Middle Ordovician (Floian–?Dapingian) brachiopods from the Peruvian Altiplano and their paleogeographical significance

Colmenar

Hodgin

2020

J. Paleontol.

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The lower strata of the Umachiri Formation from the Altiplano of southeast Peru have yielded a brachiopod-dominated assemblage, containing representatives of the brachiopod superfamilies Polytoechioidea, Orthoidea, and Porambonitoidea, as well as subsidiary trilobite and echinoderm remains. Two new polytoechioid genera and species, Enriquetoechia umachiriensis new genus new species and Altiplanotoechia hodgini n. gen. n. sp. Colmenar in Colmenar and Hodgin, 2020, and one new species, Pomatotrema laubacheri n. sp., are described. The presence of Pomatotrema in the Peruvian Altiplano represents the occurrence at highest paleolatitude of this genus, normally restricted to low-latitude successions from Laurentia and South China. Other polytoechioids belonging to Tritoechia (Tritoechia) and Tritoechia (Parvitritoechia) also occur. Identified species of orthoids from the genera Paralenorthis, Mollesella, and Panderina? occur in the Peruvian Cordillera Oriental and in the Argentinian Famatina Range. The only porambonitoid represented is closely related to Rugostrophia latireticulata Neuman, 1976 from New World Island, interpreted as peri-Laurentian. These brachiopod occurrences indicate a strong biogeographic affinity of the Peruvian Altiplano with the Famatina and western Puna regions, suggesting that the brachiopod faunas of the Peruvian Altiplano, Famatina, and western Puna belonged to a well-differentiated biogeographical subprovince during the Early–Middle Ordovician on the margin of southwestern Gondwana. Links with peri-Laurentian and other low-latitude terranes could be explained by island hopping and/or continuous island arcs, which might facilitate brachiopod larvae dispersal from the Peruvian Altiplano to those terranes across the Iapetus Ocean. Brachiopods from the lower part of the Umachiri Formation indicate a Floian–?Dapingian age, becoming the oldest Ordovician fossils of the Peruvian Altiplano. UUID: http://zoobank.org/9670a000-260d-4d75-9261-110854c7afb8

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“…The Ordovician Period (485.4–443.8 Ma; Ogg et al 2016) was a time of increased tectonic activity, widely dispersed continents, and major climatic shifts. Throughout the entire study interval, volcanic island arcs fringed the major paleocontinents and terranes (e.g., Fitton and Hughes 1970; Pedersen et al 1992; Harper et al 1996; Glen et al 1998; Cocks and Torsvik 2011; Samygin 2019; Zhang et al 2019), especially within the Iapetus Ocean (Rasmussen and Harper 2011; Liljeroth et al 2017). These tectonic and climatic factors undoubtedly had a large influence on the biogeographic patterns and evolutionary history of blastozoan echinoderms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased atmospheric oxygen levels could have contributed to increased metabolic processes for marine invertebrates and allowed for increased calcite precipitation (Pruss et al 2010). Tectonic activity created several volcanic island arcs and microterranes surrounding paleocontinents, which provided the means for species to accomplish long-distance dispersal among areas (Harper et al 1996; Liljeroth et al 2017; Lam et al 2018). All of these factors primed the Ordovician Earth system and its biota for the GOBE, as the evolutionary mechanism that led to an increase in biodiversity was likely produced in part by a series of dispersal and vicariance events, termed “biotic immigration events” (BIMES; Stigall et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating dispersal and evolutionary dynamics in diploporan blastozoans (Echinodermata) across the great Ordovician biodiversification event

Lam

Sheffield²,

Matzke³

2020

Paleobiology

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Echinoderms make up a substantial component of Ordovician marine invertebrates, yet their speciation and dispersal history as inferred within a rigorous phylogenetic and statistical framework is lacking. We use biogeographic stochastic mapping (BSM; implemented in the R package BioGeoBEARS) to infer ancestral area relationships and the number and type of dispersal events through the Ordovician for diploporan blastozoans and related species. The BSM analysis was divided into three time slices to analyze how dispersal paths changed before and during the great Ordovician biodiversification event (GOBE) and within the Late Ordovician mass extinction intervals. The best-fit biogeographic model incorporated jump dispersal, indicating this was an important speciation strategy. Reconstructed areas within the phylogeny indicate the first diploporan blastozoans likely originated within Baltica or Gondwana. Dispersal, jump dispersal, and sympatry dominated the BSM inference through the Ordovician, while dispersal paths varied in time. Long-distance dispersal events in the Early Ordovician indicate distance was not a significant predictor of dispersal, whereas increased dispersal events between Baltica and Laurentia are apparent during the GOBE, indicating these areas were important to blastozoan speciation. During the Late Ordovician, there is an increase in dispersal events among all paleocontinents. The drivers of dispersal are attributed to oceanic and epicontinental currents. Speciation events plotted against geochemical data indicate that blastozoans may not have responded to climate cooling events and other geochemical perturbations, but additional data will continue to shed light on the drivers of early Paleozoic blastozoan speciation and dispersal patterns.

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Ordovician rhynchonelliformean brachiopods from Co. Waterford, SE Ireland: Palaeobiogeography of the Leinster Terrane

Cited by 6 publications

References 78 publications

Baltoscandian conodont biofacies fluctuations and their link to Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) global cooling

Baltoscandian conodont biofacies fluctuations and their link to Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) global cooling

First evidence of Lower–?Middle Ordovician (Floian–?Dapingian) brachiopods from the Peruvian Altiplano and their paleogeographical significance

Estimating dispersal and evolutionary dynamics in diploporan blastozoans (Echinodermata) across the great Ordovician biodiversification event

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