Ore Deposits and Metallogenesis of Tasmania

Green, Geoffrey R.

doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2012/v35i1/020

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…At least three of the western Tasmanian granites (the Pine Hill, Meredith, and Heemskirk plutons) are associated with world-class Sn-W deposits (Fig. 1; Solomon and Groves 2000;Green 2012; Table 1).…”

Section: Regional Geological Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourmaline-rich features in the Heemskirk and Pieman Heads granites from western Tasmania, Australia: Characteristics, origins, and implications for tin mineralization

Hong

Cooke

Zhang

et al. 2017

American Mineralogist

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Distinctive magmatic-hydrothermal tourmaline-rich features have developed in the Heemskirk and Pieman Heads granites from western Tasmania, Australia. They are categorized as tourmaline-rich patches, orbicules, cavities, and veins, based on their distinctive morphologies, sizes, mineral assemblages, and contact relationships with host granites. These textural features occur in discrete layers in the roof zone of granitic sills within the Heemskirk and Pieman Heads granites.Tourmaline patches commonly occur below a tourmaline orbicule-rich granitic sill. Tourmaline-filled cavities have typically developed above the tourmaline-quartz orbicules in the upper layer of the white phase of the Heemskirk Granite. Tourmaline-quartz veins penetrate all exposed levels of the granites, locally cutting tourmaline orbicules and cavities.The tourmalines are mostly schorl (Fe-rich) and foitite, with an average end-member component of schorl45 dravite6 tsilaisite1 uvite0 Fe-uvite3 foitite31 Mg-foitite4 olenite10. Element substitutions of the tourmalines are controlled by FeMg-1, Y Al X □(R 2+ Na)-1, and minor Y AlO(R 2+ OH)-1 (where R 2+ = Fe 2+ + Mg 2+ + Mn 2+ ) exchange vectors. A number of trace elements in tourmaline have consistent chemical evolutions grouped from tourmaline patches, through orbicules and cavities, to veins. There is a progressive decrease of most transition and large ion lithophile elements, and a gradual increase of most high field strength elements. These compositional variations in the different tourmaline-rich features probably relate to element partitioning occurring in these phases due to volatile exsolution and fluxing of aqueous boron-rich fluids that separated from the granitic melts during the emplacement of S-type magmas into the shallow crust (4 to 5.5 km).

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Section: Regional Geological Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tourmaline-rich features in the Heemskirk and Pieman Heads granites from western Tasmania, Australia: Characteristics, origins, and implications for tin mineralization

Hong

Cooke

Zhang

et al. 2017

American Mineralogist

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“…Deposits formed in backarcs (e.g., volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits) formed early in cycles, whereas deposits that form mostly during contractional deformation (e.g., lode Au and structurally-hosted base metal deposits) formed late in the cycle. Juxtaposition of these mineral systems has resulted in a highly complex metallogeny through most of the Tasman Element, perhaps exemplified in western Tasmania, which is one of the richest and most diverse metallogenic provinces in the world, with major Zn-Pb-Ag-Cu-Au, Cu-Au, Au, Sn, W and Fe deposits within a few tens of kilometres of each other (Green, 2012). Other important districts in the Tasman Element include lode Au deposits in the Victorian goldfields and at Charters Towers in N Queensland, and porphyry Cu-Au deposits (e.g., Cadia) in the Macquarie Arc in New South Wales (Figure 2).…”

Section: -250 Ma: Amalgamation Of Gondwana and Laurasia To Form Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Australia through time: a summary of its tectonic and metallogenic evolution

2012

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related controversies. We also link Australia's geological heritage, including its resources, as well as its geography, flora and fauna, to this tectonic narrative. Much of the geology of Australia is the consequence of the amalgamation and break-up of supercontinents and supercratons through geological time, such as Vaalbara, Kenorland, Nuna (Columbia), Rodinia and Pangea (including Gondwana) (Figure 1). Supercontinent history has not only controlled the distribution of resources, petroleum, coal and minerals, but has surprising influences on processes that have shaped Australia in the past and are shaping Australia now. Australia, for example, shares many floral and faunal affinities with South America and Africa, but few with northern hemisphere continents (e.g., Couper, 1960; Fooden, 1972). The breakup of Pangea isolated Australia from Eurasia and North America. Moreover, when Australia broke away from Antarctica, the resulting seaway opened to allow polar circulation of ocean currents and ultimately the formation of the Antarctic ice cap (Livermore et al. 2005), making Australia, and the world, drier and cooler (Fujioka and Chappell, 2010). Continental Australia grew predominantly from WE , with Archean rocks mostly in the W, Proterozoic rocks in the centre, and Phanerozoic rocks in the E. The western two-thirds of the continent consist of three mostly Precambrian elements (see Table 1 for definitions), the West Australian, North Australian and South Australia elements, whereas the eastern one-third is made up of the Tasman Element (Figure 2). These spatial and temporal growth patterns are consistent with supercontinent and supercraton growth, particularly Kenorland, Nuna and Pangea-Gondwana. The distribution of Australia's energy and mineral resources (Figure 2) is also governed by this broad pattern, with each of the four major cratonic elements characterised by distinctive deposit assemblages, both in time and in composition. The Australian continent evolved in four broad time periods, namely: 3800-2200 Ma, 2200-1300 Ma, 1300-700 Ma, and 700-0 Ma. The first period saw the growth of nuclei about which cratonic elements grew, whereas the latter three periods involved the amalgamation and dispersal of Nuna, Rodinia and Pangea-Gondwana, respectively. In the sections below we present a history of the growth of the present-day Australian continent using this framework, although noting that in many cases there is significant uncertainty and disagreement about specific details and, indeed, about whether some of these processes occurred at all. This geohistory provides context for events that have shaped and changed Australia and the Earth, including the evolution of life and changes in the composition of the atmosphere and hydrosphere. As they have been increasingly linked to geodynamic processes, the evolution of Australia's mineral and The geological evolution of Australia is closely linked to supercontinent cycles that have characterised the tectonic evolution of Earth, with most geological and metallogenic ev...

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“…3g). This deposit consists of several lenses of magnetite-rich ore with amphibole (dominantly tremolite-actinolite), serpentine, talc, dolomite, calcite, pyrite, chlorite, albite, quartz, apatite, and hematite (Green 2012). The sample from the Savage River deposit is mainly composed of magnetite and serpentine ( Fig.…”

Section: Rektornmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minor chalcopyrite is disseminated in magnetite. The sample is ascribed to high-temperature Ca-Fe alteration based on the abundance of amphibole (Green 2012). Co contents varying from one to four orders of magnitude ( Fig.…”

Section: Rektornmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace element composition of iron oxides from IOCG and IOA deposits: relationship to hydrothermal alteration and deposit subtypes

et al. 2018

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Trace element compositions of magnetite and hematite from sixteen well-studied iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) and iron oxide apatite (IOA) deposits, combined with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were used to investigate the factors controlling the iron oxide chemistry and the links between the chemical composition of iron oxides and hydrothermal processes, as divided by alteration types and IOCG and IOA deposit subtypes. Chemical compositions of iron oxides are controlled by oxygen fugacity, temperature, co-precipitating sulfides, and host rocks. Iron oxides from hematite IOCG deposits show relatively high Nb, Cu, Mo, W, and Sn contents, and can be discriminated from those from magnetite + hematite and magnetite IOA deposits. Magnetite IOCG deposits show a compositional diversity and overlap with the three other types, which may be due to the incremental development of high-temperature CaFe and K-Fe alteration. Iron oxides from the high-temperature CaFe alteration can be discriminated from those from high-and low-temperature K-Fe alteration by higher Mg and V contents. Iron oxides from low-temperature K-Fe alteration can be discriminated from those from high-temperature K-Fe alteration by higher Si, Ca, Zr, W, Nb, and Mo contents. Iron oxides from IOA deposits can be discriminated from those from IOCG deposits by higher Mg, Ti, V, Pb, and Sc contents. The composition of IOCG and IOA iron oxides can be discriminated from those from porphyry Cu, Ni-Cu, and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits.

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Ore Deposits and Metallogenesis of Tasmania

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Tourmaline-rich features in the Heemskirk and Pieman Heads granites from western Tasmania, Australia: Characteristics, origins, and implications for tin mineralization

Tourmaline-rich features in the Heemskirk and Pieman Heads granites from western Tasmania, Australia: Characteristics, origins, and implications for tin mineralization

Australia through time: a summary of its tectonic and metallogenic evolution

Trace element composition of iron oxides from IOCG and IOA deposits: relationship to hydrothermal alteration and deposit subtypes

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